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To test if thrombin prevents exhaustion and sustains antiviral T cell activity during chronic viral infection, we depleted the thrombin-precursor prothrombin to 10% of normal levels in mice prior to infection with the clone 13 strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Unexpectedly, prothrombin insufficiency resulted in 100% mortality after infection that was prevented by depletion of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, suggesting that reduced availability of prothrombin enhances virus-induced immunopathology. Yet, the number, function, and apparent exhaustion of virus-specific T cells were measurably unaffected by prothrombin depletion. Histological analysis of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and brain did not reveal any evidence of hemorrhage or increased tissue damage in mice with low levels of prothrombin that could explain mortality. Viral loads were also similar in infected mice regardless of prothrombin levels. Instead, infection of prothrombin-depleted mice resulted in a severe, T cell\u2013dependent anemia associated with increased hemolysis. Thus, thrombin plays an unexpected protective role in preventing hemolytic anemia during virus infection, with potential implications for patients who are using direct thrombin inhibitors as an anticoagulant therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.181063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1737028817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prothrombin prevents fatal T cell\u2013dependent anemia during chronic virus infection of mice"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cantrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-2535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H. 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