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In this study, we comprehensively characterized the NK cell repertoire in ECs after long-term viral control. Phenotypic profiling of NK cells revealed profound differences compared with other PWH, but marked similarities to uninfected individuals, with a distinctive prevalence of NKG2C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD57\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory-like NK cells. Functional analyses indicated that ECs had limited production of functional molecules upon NK stimulation and consequently reduced natural cytotoxicity against non-HIV target cells. Importantly, ECs showed an exceptional ability to kill primary HIV-infected cells by the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity adaptive mechanism, which was achieved by a specific memory-like NK population expressing CD16, NKG2A, NKG2C, CD57, and CXCR3. In-depth single-cell RNA-seq unveiled a unique transcriptional signature in these NK cells linked to increased cell metabolism, migration, chemotaxis, effector functions, cytokine secretion, and antiviral response. Our findings underscore a pivotal role of NK cells in the immune control of HIV and identify specific NK cells as emerging targets for immunotherapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.182660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T14:43:05Z","timestamp":1726584185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["NKG2C and NKG2A coexpression defines a highly functional antiviral NK population in spontaneous HIV control"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nerea","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gaona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gallego-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital 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