{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:11:32Z","timestamp":1789103492863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32GM148377,T32GM149364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM148377,T32GM149364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32GM148377,T32GM149364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM148377,T32GM149364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To reduce debt burden and encourage the pursuit of research-focused careers, most MD-PhD programs provide medical school tuition remission and an annual stipend. However, prolonged training compared with MD physicians postpones the time until MD-PhD physicians earn a full salary. We compared lifetime earning potential for MD-PhD physicians in academia with their MD colleagues in the same clinical specialty. We examined the relationship between earning potential based on specialty and the likelihood that MD-PhD physicians reported being engaged predominantly in research. Lifetime earning potential was estimated using 2020\u20132021 debt and compensation data for 77,701 academic physicians across 47 specialties. Self-reported research effort for 3,025 MD-PhD program alumni in academia was taken from the National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study. We found that (a) MD-PhD physicians had a lower lifetime earning potential than MD physicians in the same specialty; (b) there was an inverse relationship between earning potential and research effort in different specialties, with MD-PhD physicians in high-earning specialties tending to spend less time on research; and (c) despite this, MD-PhD physicians in academia were more likely to choose clinical fields that allow more time for research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.183476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T14:00:32Z","timestamp":1734616832000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The financial impact of MD-PhD training compared with MD training for academic physicians"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Catenaccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rochlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles H.","family":"Akabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-8886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lawrence F.","family":"Brass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold K.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001779"},{"key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.178214"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1285"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-027771"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051194"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2022.02.012"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0067"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.1912"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"Microsoft. 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