{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T02:25:08Z","timestamp":1785378308776,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B) is associated with epigenetic changes in the maternal allele of the imprinted\n                    <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene that inhibit expression of the \u03b1 subunit of G\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    (G\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b1), thereby leading to parathyroid hormone resistance in renal proximal tubule cells where expression of G\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b1 from the paternal\n                    <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele is normally silent. Although all patients with PHP1B show loss of methylation for the exon A\/B differentially methylated region (DMR), some patients with autosomal dominant PHP1B (AD-PHP1B) and most patients with sporadic PHP1B have additional methylation defects that affect the DMRs corresponding to exons\n                    <jats:italic>XL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>NESP<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Because the genetic defect is unknown in most of these patients, we sought to identify the underlying genetic basis for AD-PHP1B in 2 multigenerational families with broad\n                    <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    methylation defects and negative clinical exomes. Genome sequencing identified small\n                    <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants in each family that were also present in unrelated individuals with PHP1B in a replication cohort. Maternal transmission of one\n                    <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    microdeletion showed reduced penetrance in some unaffected patients. Expression of AS transcripts was increased, and NESP was decreased, in cells from affected patients. These results suggest that the small deletion activated AS transcription, leading to methylation of the\n                    <jats:italic>NESP<\/jats:italic>\n                    DMR with consequent inhibition of NESP transcription, and thereby provide a potential mechanism for PHP1B.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.185874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T14:03:22Z","timestamp":1731593002000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recurrent small variants in NESP55\/NESPAS associated with broad GNAS methylation defects and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-6727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Genomics, and"},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 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