{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:49:23Z","timestamp":1784011763813,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chagas disease is a tropical disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    with clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to cardiac and\/or gastrointestinal complications. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are still poorly understood, but\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain diversity may be associated with disease progression. Therefore, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of PBMCs from macaques with natural chronic infections and tested for heterogeneity in their gene signatures. Remarkably, transcriptomic response to\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection matched parasite strain profiles, indicating that parasite diversity is a key determinant of host response. While differences in adaptive immune responses were identified, more striking alterations of innate immune processes were detected. Thus, initial innate response to\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection may be conditioned by parasite strain diversity, resulting in different profiles of trained immunity modulating subsequent adaptive responses, allowing parasite control or its persistence during the chronic phase. These results call for further characterization of the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity according to parasite diversity as well as how altered trained immunity contributes to pathogenesis, as this may lead to better treatments and vaccines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.186003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T12:06:56Z","timestamp":1736251616000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["PBMC transcriptomic signatures reflect Trypanosoma cruzi strain diversity and trained immunity in chronically infected macaques"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Desale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and"},{"name":"Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 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