{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:59:12Z","timestamp":1787018352540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["F32HD107914,P50HD068157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD107914,P50HD068157"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Training program in Cell and Molecular Biology","award":["T32GM007229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007229"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a noncoital method of conception used to treat human infertility. Although IVF is viewed as largely safe, it is associated with adverse outcomes in the fetus, placenta, and adult offspring. Because studies focusing on the effect of IVF on the male reproductive system are limited, we used a mouse model to assess the morphological and molecular effects of IVF on male offspring. We evaluated 3 developmental stages: 18.5-day fetuses and 12- and 39-week-old adults. Regardless of age, we observed changes in testicular-to-body weight ratios, serum testosterone levels, testicular morphology, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Also, sperm showed changes in morphology and DNA methylation. To assess multigenerational phenotypes, we mated IVF-conceived and naturally conceived males with wild-type females. Offspring from IVF males exhibited decreased fetal-to-placental weight ratios and changes in placenta gene expression and morphology regardless of sex. At 12 weeks of age, offspring showed higher body weights and differences in glucose, triglyceride, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL\/VLDL-C levels. Both sexes showed changes in gene expression in liver, testes, and ovaries and decreased global DNA methylation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that male IVF offspring exhibit abnormal testicular and sperm morphology and molecular alterations with a multigenerational impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.188931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1741095021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In vitro fertilization induces reproductive changes in male mouse offspring and has multigenerational effects"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Rhon-Calderon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassidy N.","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laren","family":"Riesche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa S.","family":"Bartolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health and Reproductive Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","first-page":"156","article-title":"A history of developments to improve in vitro fertilization","volume":"114","author":"Eskew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.02.013"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13592-1"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.884088"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu040"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead238"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00829-3"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170140"},{"issue":"3","key":"B10","first-page":"207","article-title":"The Mighty Mouse: the impact of rodents on advances in biomedical research","volume":"110","author":"Bryda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002744R"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2021.06.002"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174421000313"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05241-1"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jfrh.v17i2.12870"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.637781"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa224"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.113134"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa205"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv050"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.103992"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195722"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12526"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.186551"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv400"},{"key":"B26"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ22-0604"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1481"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380159a0"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113114"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09597-4_5"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0288"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554211046777"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3629"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2024.02.012"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac138"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giae061"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01073-0"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.07.015"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063350"},{"issue":"1","key":"B41","first-page":"3","article-title":"Androgen receptor structure, function and biology: from bench to bedside","volume":"37","author":"Davey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, et al. Testicular fibrosis pathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment: a perspective on related diseases [published September 27, 2024]. Andrology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13769","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13769"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26011-6"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.21362"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010328"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10696-2"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176388"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082520"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-021-00585-w"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14409"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0031-0808.23.04871-1"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00997-0"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29150"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00028"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2018.23.1.9"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020786"},{"key":"B57"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105084"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27409"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0129"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa847"},{"issue":"4","key":"B62","first-page":"291","article-title":"Quantification of histochemical staining by color deconvolution","volume":"23","author":"Ruifrok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.10.024"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414562045"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.114785"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2022.100144"},{"issue":"20","key":"B67","article-title":"SeSAMe: reducing artifactual detection of DNA methylation by Infinium BeadChips in genomic deletions","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["JCI Insight"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/188931\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1779134688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/188931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1172\/jci.insight.188931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.188931","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-3708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-3708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"article-number":"e188931"}}