{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:11:54Z","timestamp":1791807114724,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SNF","award":["310030_204226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_204226"]}]},{"name":"SNF","award":["196852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["196852"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The regulation of follicular (F) and germinal center (GC) immune reactivity in human lymph nodes (LNs), particularly during the acute stages of viral infection, remains poorly understood. We have analyzed lung-draining lymph nodes (LD-LNs) from COVID-19 autopsies using multiplex imaging and spatial transcriptomics to examine the immune landscape with respect to follicular immune reactivity. We identified 3 groups of donors based on the Bcl6 prevalence of their reactive follicles (RFs): RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>no\/lo<\/jats:sup>\n                    , RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>int<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    . A distinct B\/Tfh immune landscape, associated with increased prevalence of proliferating B cell and Tfh cell subsets, was found in RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    LD-LNs. The comparison between LD-LNs and subdiaphragmatic (SD) LNs from the same donor revealed a divergent Bcl6 expression between the 2 anatomical sites. LD-LN Bcl6 expression was also associated with a distinct spatial transcriptomic profile. TH1-associated genes\/pathways (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>CXCR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>STAT5<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TNF signaling) were significantly upregulated in RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>no\/lo<\/jats:sup>\n                    tissues, while the RF-Bcl6\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    tissues exhibited significant upregulation of GC-promoting genes\/pathways (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL13<\/jats:italic>\n                    , B-cell receptor signaling). Our findings reveal a heterogeneous F\/GC landscape in COVID-19 LD-LNs, highlighting specific molecular targets and pathways that could regulate human F\/GC immune dynamics during acute viral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.189134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T16:10:02Z","timestamp":1757434202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bcl6 expression is associated with a distinct immune landscape and spatial transcriptome in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Clo\u00e9","family":"Brenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernat","family":"Bramon Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Ioannidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Bodelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia L.","family":"Siebmanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Burgermeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spiros","family":"Georgakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Orfanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick D.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"S\u00e9dille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8958-7666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-2427","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jon W.","family":"Lomasney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver Y.","family":"Ch\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 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