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However, its foul odor, rapid metabolism in the gut and thus low systemic bioavailability limit its therapeutic effectiveness. Our laboratory has engineered an ester-linked L-serine conjugate to butyrate (SerBut) to mask its taste and odor and to coopt amino acid transporters in the gut to increase its systemic bioavailability, as determined by tissue measurements of free butyrate, produced by hydrolysis of SerBut. In an apolipoprotein E\u2013knockout (ApoE)\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mouse model of atherosclerosis, SerBut reduced systemic LDL-C, proinflammatory cytokines, and circulating neutrophils. SerBut enhanced inhibition of plaque progression and reduced monocyte accumulation in the aorta compared with sodium butyrate. SerBut suppressed liver injury biomarkers alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase and suppressed steatosis in the liver. 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