{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:33:13Z","timestamp":1792787593311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["U19 AI142784,R01 AI187291,T32 AI007520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI142784,R01 AI187291,T32 AI007520"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["T32 HL098040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL098040"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012pb6c26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autophagy is a critical host defense mechanism that restricts intracellular pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A key step in this process is the ubiquitination of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013associated structures. The E3 ligase Smad-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) catalyzes K48-linked ubiquitination, promoting bacterial clearance. However, the function of its homolog, SMURF2, in host defense remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>Smurf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion in murine macrophages increases SMURF1 levels, enhances LC3B lipidation, augments K48 ubiquitination of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013associated structures, and reduces intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    replication. These effects are reversed by\n                    <jats:italic>Smurf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion, supporting a role for SMURF1 in SMURF2-dependent control of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Mice with myeloid-specific\n                    <jats:italic>Smurf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion exhibit modestly prolonged survival after aerosol\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. In human macrophages,\n                    <jats:italic>SMURF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockdown or its pharmacological inhibition with the HECT E3-ligase inhibitor Heclin reduces\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    replication. Together, our findings identify SMURF2 as a negative regulator of macrophage control of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and support further investigation of SMURF2 as a potential target for host-directed therapy in tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.199853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1788887896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SMURF2 inhibits autophagic control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Priscila C.","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn 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