{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:17:39Z","timestamp":1791321459360,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK131930,R56DK131531,P20GM103629,P51OD011104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK131930,R56DK131531,P20GM103629,P51OD011104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DK131930,R56DK131531,P20GM103629,P51OD011104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK131930,R56DK131531,P20GM103629,P51OD011104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    HIV infection rapidly impairs the gastrointestinal barrier, contributing to persistent mucosal immune dysfunction, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using SIV-infected rhesus macaques on long-term ART, we investigated mechanisms underlying impairment in gut barrier\u2013protective IL-17\/IL-22 responses and the potential modulation of this pathway by dietary indoles. Longitudinal profiling of colonic epithelial and lamina propria cells revealed a selective loss of IL-17\/IL-22\u2013producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). This loss correlated with reduced expression of the transcription factors AHR and ROR\u03b3t and was associated with elevated plasma markers of intestinal epithelial barrier disruption (IEBD), including intestinal fatty acid\u2013binding protein (iFABP), zonulin, and LPS-binding protein (LBP). Targeting this transcriptional deficiency, dietary indole supplementation for 1 month restored colonic AHR\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-22\u2013producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, ROR\u03b3t\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILC3s, and V\u03b41 T cells, and was associated with reduced iFABP and zonulin levels. Immunohistochemical analyses further demonstrated enrichment of AHR\/ROR\u03b3t-coexpressing cells in the colon of indole-supplemented animals during chronic SIV infection on ART. Collectively, these findings indicate that disruption of the AHR-ROR\u03b3t axis is a key pathogenic mechanism underlying persistent IEBD in chronic SIV\/HIV infection. Modulation of AHR and ROR\u03b3t signaling pathways in the gut may therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy to reinforce mucosal barrier function and mitigate chronic inflammation in people living with HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.201258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:00:16Z","timestamp":1775160016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary indoles influence the AHR-ROR\u03b3t axis and mucosal immune homeostasis in ART-treated SIV infection"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Siva","family":"Thirugnanam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Van Zandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra B.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Berthelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecily C.","family":"Midkiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, 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