{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:33:33Z","timestamp":1792787613629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["HU00011920111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00011920111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["R01AI157488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI157488"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["R01NS125693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS125693"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["K23NS133488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS133488"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s5ya894","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["R01MH125737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH125737"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["HU00012020067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00012020067"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["HU00012120103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00012120103"]}]},{"name":"NIH Office of the Director","award":["1S10OD028511-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028511-01"]}]},{"name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","award":["National Multiple Sclerosis Society Postdoctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Multiple Sclerosis Society Postdoctoral Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03019wv17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Neurological Long COVID (n-LC) includes persistent cognitive and autonomic symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior studies of post-COVID conditions have described diverse humoral autoreactivity. It remains unclear whether n-LC is associated with a consistent CNS-directed humoral signature.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We performed a cross-cohort case-control analysis to detect autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from n-LC participants. In the Yale COVID Mind Study cohort, CSF from n-LC participants and pre-pandemic and recovered controls was assessed using mouse brain immunofluorescence and proteome-wide phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq), followed by supervised modeling and orthogonal validation assays. In the Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential (IDCRP EPICC) cohort, post-COVID sera collected prior to iPhone- or iPad-based cognitive screening were profiled by PhIP-Seq and compared between participants with and without cognitive impairment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS.<\/jats:bold>\n                    CSF immunoreactivity on mouse brain tissue was observed in both n-LC and controls, with similar overall frequencies. PhIP-Seq identified sparse, patient-specific peptide reactivities to nuclear and neuronal proteins in CSF and serum. Supervised models provided limited discrimination between cases and controls. Candidate autoantigens had limited disease specificity on orthogonal testing. EPICC serum autoantibody profiling similarly failed to distinguish individuals with and without cognitive impairment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Across cohorts and compartments, n-LC was not associated with a shared CNS-directed autoantibody signature using the approaches employed. Observed heterogeneity may reflect biological diversity, although limited statistical power to detect a shared response cannot be excluded.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>FUNDING.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Grants HU00012020067, HU00012120103, HU00011920111, R01NS125693, R01MH125737, and R01AI157488 from the Defense Health Program and NIH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.207122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:01:13Z","timestamp":1790697673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibody landscapes in Long COVID with neurological symptoms show heterogeneity without a shared disease signature"],"prefix":"10.1172","author":[{"given":"Debanjana","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Dandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal D.","family":"Lashkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Tilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"McAlpine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chiarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PeiXi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Castillo-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Zorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Tribble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medi, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy H.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medi, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-6328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leah H.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medi, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5114-1669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Agan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medi, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon D.","family":"Pollett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medi, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-1409","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shelli","family":"Farhadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6032-3950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serena","family":"Spudich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Pleasure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-5084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"container-title":["JCI Insight"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/207122\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:01:15Z","timestamp":1790697675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/207122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1172\/jci.insight.207122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.207122","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-3708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-3708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}}}