{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:05:49Z","timestamp":1792069549283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transcriptome profiles derived from the site of human disease have led to the identification of genes that contribute to pathogenesis, yet the complex mixture of cell types in these lesions has been an obstacle for defining specific mechanisms. Leprosy provides an outstanding model to study host defense and pathogenesis in a human infectious disease, given its clinical spectrum, which interrelates with the host immunologic and pathologic responses. Here, we investigated gene expression profiles derived from skin lesions for each clinical subtype of leprosy, analyzing gene coexpression modules by cell-type deconvolution. In lesions from tuberculoid leprosy patients, those with the self-limited form of the disease, dendritic cells were linked with\n                    <jats:italic>MMP12<\/jats:italic>\n                    as part of a tissue remodeling network that contributes to granuloma formation. In lesions from lepromatous leprosy patients, those with disseminated disease, macrophages were linked with a gene network that programs phagocytosis. In erythema nodosum leprosum, neutrophil and endothelial cell gene networks were identified as part of the vasculitis that results in tissue injury. The present integrated computational approach provides a systems approach toward identifying cell-defined functional networks that contribute to host defense and immunopathology at the site of human infectious disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.88843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T11:01:06Z","timestamp":1474455666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cell-type deconvolution with immune pathways identifies gene networks of host defense and immunopathology in leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Megan S.","family":"Inkeles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane M.B.","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delila","family":"Pouldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila R.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cressida A.","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-9329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4774-0853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahdad","family":"Noursadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euzenir N.","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Luisa","family":"Iruela-Arispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Swindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom H.M.","family":"Ottenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke","family":"Geluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry R.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9355-9564","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matteo","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-031X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Modlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120254"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.64"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001538"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","first-page":"255","article-title":"Classification of leprosy according to immunity. 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