{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:56:24Z","timestamp":1792598184727,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K08A1108870-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08A1108870-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01HL101813-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL101813-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN272201200005C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201200005C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NICHD","award":["1K12HD068373-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K12HD068373-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The inverse relationship between gestational age at birth and postviral respiratory morbidity suggests that infants born preterm (PT) may miss a critical developmental window of T cell maturation. Despite a continued increase in younger PT survivors with respiratory complications, we have limited understanding of normal human fetal T cell maturation, how ex utero development in premature infants may interrupt normal T cell development, and whether T cell development has an effect on infant outcomes. In our longitudinal cohort of 157 infants born between 23 and 42 weeks of gestation, we identified differences in T cells present at birth that were dependent on gestational age and differences in postnatal T cell development that predicted respiratory outcome at 1 year of age. We show that naive CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells shift from a CD31\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    TNF-\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    bias in mid gestation to a CD31\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    predominance by term gestation. Former PT infants discharged with CD31\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells below a range similar to that of full-term born infants were at an over 3.5-fold higher risk for respiratory complications after NICU discharge. This study is the first to our knowledge to identify a pattern of normal functional T cell development in later gestation and to associate abnormal T cell development with health outcomes in infants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.96724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T11:00:58Z","timestamp":1519210858000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["T cell developmental arrest in former premature infants increases risk of respiratory morbidity later in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Scheible","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Emo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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