{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:37:53Z","timestamp":1782779873809,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001787","name":"Parker Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PBF Fellowship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBF Fellowship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08 HL133445 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 HL133445 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 HL107380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL107380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Secondary bacterial respiratory infections are commonly associated with both acute and chronic lung injury. Influenza complicated by bacterial pneumonia is an effective model to study host defense during pulmonary superinfection due to its clinical relevance. Multiprotein inflammasomes are responsible for IL-1\u03b2 production in response to infection and drive tissue inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of the inflammasome during viral\/bacterial superinfection. We demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      ASC\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice are protected from bacterial superinfection and produce sufficient quantities of IL-1\u03b2 through an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome\u2013independent mechanism. Despite the production of IL-1\u03b2 by\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      ASC\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice in response to bacterial superinfection, these mice display decreased lung inflammation. A neutrophil elastase inhibitor blocked ASC inflammasome\u2013independent production of IL-1\u03b2 and the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, confirmed that IL-1 remains crucial to the clearance of bacteria during superinfection. Delayed inhibition of NLRP3 during influenza infection by MCC950 decreases bacterial burden during superinfection and leads to decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ASC augments the clearance of bacteria, but can also contribute to inflammation and mortality. ASC should be considered as a therapeutic target to decrease morbidity and mortality during bacterial superinfection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.97470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T11:00:55Z","timestamp":1522839655000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The inflammasome potentiates influenza\/Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Keven M.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnaveni","family":"Ramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle 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