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Using the functional human \u03b2 cell line EndoC-\u03b2H1, we demonstrate that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA that mimics a byproduct of viral replication, induces a decrease in \u03b2 cell\u2013specific gene expression. In parallel with this loss, the expression of progenitor-like genes such as SOX9 was activated following PolyI:C treatment or enteroviral infection. SOX9 was induced by the NF-\u03baB pathway and also in a paracrine non\u2013cell-autonomous fashion through the secretion of IFN-\u03b1. Lastly, we identified SOX9 targets in human \u03b2 cells as potentially new markers of dedifferentiation in T1D. These findings reveal that inflammatory signaling has clear implications in human \u03b2 cell dedifferentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.97732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1518009282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Virus-like infection induces human \u03b2 cell dedifferentiation"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Oshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France."},{"name":"CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France."},{"name":"University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite\u0301, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Knoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische 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