{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:29:02Z","timestamp":1792114142551,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"DOI":"10.1172\/jci162192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T14:00:47Z","timestamp":1672668047000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Muriel","family":"Aguilar-Bretones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8095-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron A.M.","family":"Fouchier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion P.G.","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gijsbert P.","family":"van Nierop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00369-6"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.005","article-title":"Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies directed against spike N-terminal domain target a single supersite","volume":"29","author":"Cerutti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.037"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01122-w"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.2.686"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801687"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.98.6.641"},{"issue":"6","key":"B15","first-page":"572","article-title":"On the doctrine of original antigenic sin","volume":"104","author":"Francis","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc Am Philos Soc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.124.3.331"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.124.3.347"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01826-10"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28860"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7030107"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz089"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636711"},{"issue":"5","key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038786","article-title":"Original antigenic sin: how original? How sinful?","volume":"11","author":"Yewdell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.003"},{"issue":"23","key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026752118","article-title":"Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates","volume":"118","author":"McCarthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146138"},{"issue":"573","key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd3601","article-title":"Preexisting immunity shapes distinct antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection and vaccination in humans","volume":"12","author":"Dugan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14001"},{"issue":"7","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002802","article-title":"Evidence for antigenic seniority in influenza A (H3N2) antibody responses in southern China","volume":"8","author":"Lessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"198","key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006637","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies against previously encountered influenza virus strains increase over time: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256427"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118979109"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50060","article-title":"Earliest infections predict the age distribution of seasonal influenza A cases","volume":"9","author":"Arevalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041332"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.024"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3391\/mbi.2020.11.1.01"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.118"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244730"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104241118"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02979-21"},{"issue":"7906","key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04594-4","article-title":"Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages","volume":"0","author":"Iketani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27096-9"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01472-w"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04353-x"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.06.015"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg4535"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04356-8"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.005"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.01.010"},{"issue":"4","key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009453","article-title":"A human coronavirus evolves antigenically to escape antibody immunity","volume":"17","author":"Eguia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.05.001"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49324","article-title":"Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04342-0"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100510"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100540"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq1841"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abj1750"},{"issue":"69","key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abo2202","article-title":"Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients","volume":"7","author":"GeurtsvanKessel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04460-3"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357420a0"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(83)90150-2"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.012"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.05.011"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilks SH, et al. Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses [preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.01.28.477987 Posted on bioRxiv July 13, 2022","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.28.477987"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq4450"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097211"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90186-U"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Straten K, et al. Mapping the antigenic diversification of SARS-CoV-2 [preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.01.03.21268582 Posted on medRxiv June 6, 2022","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.03.21268582"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.10.051"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03696-9"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.003"},{"issue":"8","key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00169","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00169-19","article-title":"Broad hemagglutinin-specific memory B cell expansion by seasonal influenza virus infection reflects early-life imprinting and adaptation to the infecting virus","volume":"93","author":"Tesini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.6779"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm887"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00093","article-title":"T-cell immunity to infection with dengue virus in humans","volume":"5","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00593"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa664"},{"issue":"5","key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176407","article-title":"Selective pre-priming of HA-specific CD4 T cells restores immunological reactivity to HA on heterosubtypic influenza infection","volume":"12","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.001"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201688"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03203-15"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920321117"},{"issue":"21","key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI150613","article-title":"Seasonal coronavirus-specific B cells with limited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity dominate the IgG response in severe COVID-19","volume":"131","author":"Aguilar-Bretones","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0248"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00238"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00449-21"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.025"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00814-z"},{"issue":"13","key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.156372","article-title":"Fatal COVID-19 outcomes are associated with an antibody response targeting epitopes shared with endemic coronaviruses","volume":"7","author":"McNaughton","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01715-4"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muecksch F, et al. Increased potency and breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after a third mRNA vaccine dose [preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.02.14.480394 Posted on bioRxiv February 15, 2022","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.14.480394"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"B98","article-title":"Broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron, following breakthrough infection with delta in COVID-19 vaccinated individuals","volume":"13","author":"Lechmere","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.019"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105000"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2201607"},{"issue":"23","key":"B102","article-title":"Recall of pre-existing cross-reactive B cell memory following Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection","volume":"7","author":"Kaku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B103","article-title":"Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04830-x"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01527-y"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abm4996"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.009"},{"issue":"12","key":"B108","article-title":"Cross-reactivity conferred by homologous and heterologous prime-boost A\/H5 influenza vaccination strategies in humans: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Kok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03738-2"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04060-7"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103495"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-1"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101191"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200841"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20314-w"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.010"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amanat F, et al. The plasmablast response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is dominated by non-neutralizing antibodies that target both the NTD and the RBD [preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.07.21253098 Posted on medRxiv May 1, 2021","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.07.21253098"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04389-z"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912458109"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100576118"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038471"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying B, et al. Boosting with omicron-matched or historical mRNA vaccines increases neutralizing antibody responses and protection against B.1.1.529 infection in mice [preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.02.07.479419 Posted on bioRxiv February 9, 2022","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.07.479419"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100450"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.12.009"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.010"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04466-x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/162192\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T13:45:57Z","timestamp":1691070357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/162192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1172\/JCI162192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci162192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-8238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-8238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"article-number":"e162192"}}