{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:41:06Z","timestamp":1792176066602,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERC","award":["833247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["833247"]}]},{"name":"ERC","award":["948207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["948207"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001832","name":"Radboud University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001832","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Horizon2020; Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant","award":["955321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955321"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006209","name":"Radboudumc","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine protects against all-cause mortality in children, but the immunological mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly known. We systematically investigated whether MMR can induce long-term functional changes in innate immune cells, a process termed trained immunity, that could at least partially mediate this heterologous protection. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 39 healthy adults received either the MMR vaccine or a placebo. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we found that MMR caused transcriptomic changes in CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes and NK cells, but most profoundly in \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. Monocyte function was not altered by MMR vaccination. In contrast, the function of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells was markedly enhanced by MMR vaccination, with higher production of TNF and IFN-\u03b3, as well as upregulation of cellular metabolic pathways. In conclusion, we describe a trained immunity program characterized by modulation of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell function induced by MMR vaccination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci170848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T18:59:05Z","timestamp":1707850745000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["MMR vaccination induces trained immunity via functional and metabolic reprogramming of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Rutger J.","family":"R\u00f6ring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and"},{"name":"Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-3903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priya 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