{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:44:13Z","timestamp":1782225853793,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08HL1411590,F32HL162377,U19AI135964,U01TR003528,P01HL154998,R01HL14988,R01LM013337,R03HL162655,R01HL163646,R01HL164177,P01HL114453,R01HL159953,R01HL155759,UL1TR001881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL1411590,F32HL162377,U19AI135964,U01TR003528,P01HL154998,R01HL14988,R01LM013337,R03HL162655,R01HL163646,R01HL164177,P01HL114453,R01HL159953,R01HL155759,UL1TR001881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A leading cause of mortality after influenza infection is the development of a secondary bacterial pneumonia. In the absence of a bacterial superinfection, prescribing antibacterial therapies is not indicated but has become a common clinical practice for those presenting with a respiratory viral illness. In a murine model, we found that antibiotic use during influenza infection impaired the lung innate immunologic defenses toward a secondary challenge with methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA). Antibiotics augment lung eosinophils, which have inhibitory effects on macrophage function through the release of major basic protein. Moreover, we demonstrated that antibiotic treatment during influenza infection caused a fungal dysbiosis that drove lung eosinophilia and impaired MRSA clearance. Finally, we evaluated 3 cohorts of hospitalized patients and found that eosinophils positively correlated with antibiotic use, systemic inflammation, and worsened outcomes. Altogether, our work demonstrates a detrimental effect of antibiotic treatment during influenza infection that has harmful immunologic consequences via recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs, thereby increasing the risk of developing a secondary bacterial infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci180986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T12:01:46Z","timestamp":1725969706000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antibiotic use during influenza infection augments lung eosinophils that impair immunity against secondary bacterial pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Marilia","family":"Sanches Santos Rizzo Zuttion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Guild Lung 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