{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:00:30Z","timestamp":1792555230431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UH2-AR067676,UH2-AR067677,UH2-AR067679,UH2-AR067681,UH2-AR067685,UH2-AR067688,UH2-AR067689,UH2-AR067690,UH2-AR067691,UH2-AR067694,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH2-AR067676,UH2-AR067677,UH2-AR067679,UH2-AR067681,UH2-AR067685,UH2-AR067688,UH2-AR067689,UH2-AR067690,UH2-AR067691,UH2-AR067694,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UM2- AR067678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM2- AR067678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and fewer than half of patients achieve complete renal response with standard immunosuppressants. Identifying noninvasive, blood-based immune alterations associated with renal injury could aid therapeutic decisions. Here, we used mass cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 145 patients with biopsy-proven LN and 40 healthy controls to evaluate the heterogeneity of immune activation and identify correlates of renal parameters. Unbiased analysis identified 3 immunologically distinct groups of patients that were associated with different patterns of histopathology, renal cell infiltrates, urine proteomic profiles, and treatment response at 1 year. Patients with enriched circulating granzyme B\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells showed more active disease and increased numbers of activated CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in the kidney, yet they had the highest likelihood of treatment response. A second group characterized by a high type I interferon signature had a lower likelihood of response to therapy, while a third group appeared immunologically inactive but with chronic renal injuries. The major immunologic axes of variation could be distilled down to 5 simple cytometric parameters that recapitulate several clinical associations, highlighting the potential for blood immunoprofiling to translate to clinically useful noninvasive metrics to assess immune-mediated disease in LN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci181034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T12:00:32Z","timestamp":1750334432000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Blood immunophenotyping identifies distinct kidney histopathology and outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Horisberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 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