{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:09:10Z","timestamp":1779232150776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1149990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1149990"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is uncertainty about the timing of booster vaccination against COVID-19 in highly vaccinated populations during the present endemic phase of COVID-19. Studies focused on primary vaccination have previously suggested improved immunity with a longer interval between the first and second vaccine doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a randomized, controlled trial (November 2022\u2013August 2023) and assigned 52 fully vaccinated adults to an immediate or a 3-month delayed bivalent Spikevax mRNA booster vaccine. Follow-up visits were completed for 48 participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24 per arm), with collection of saliva and plasma samples following each visit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rise in neutralizing antibody responses to ancestral and Omicron strains were almost identical between the immediate and delayed vaccination arms. Analyses of plasma and salivary antibody responses (IgG, IgA), plasma antibody-dependent phagocytic activity, and the decay kinetics of antibody responses were similar between the 2 arms. Symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in 49% (21 of 49) participants over the median 11.5 months of follow-up and were also similar between the 2 arms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that there was no benefit in delaying COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination in preimmune populations during the present endemic phase of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number 12622000411741 (https:\/\/anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12622000411741).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>FUNDING<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (program grant App1149990) and Medical Research Future Fund (App2005544).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci181244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T12:00:42Z","timestamp":1720699242000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Randomized controlled trial reveals no benefit to a 3-month delay in COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-4054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wen Shi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6322-3197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Audsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai-Chi","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5529-5542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arnold","family":"Reynaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Carissa","family":"Aurelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Palak H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 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