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Unexpectedly, despite the favorable immune context created by this immunomodulatory chemotherapy combination, our models remained refractory to the addition of anti\u2013PD-L1 immunotherapy. These surprising observations led us to discover that CDDP chemotherapy was simultaneously responsible for the production of TGF-\u03b2 by several populations of cells present in tumors, which favored the emergence of different subpopulations of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts characterized by immunosuppressive properties. Accordingly, co-treatment with anti\u2013TGF-\u03b2 restored the immunological synergy between this immunogenic doublet of chemotherapy and anti\u2013PD-L1 in a CD8-dependent manner. Translational studies revealed the unfavorable prognostic effect  of the TGF-\u03b2 pathway on the immune response in human TNBC, as well as the ability of CDDP to induce this cytokine also in human TNBC cell lines, thus highlighting the clinical relevance of targeting TGF-\u03b2 in the context of human TNBC treated with chemoimmunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci184422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1751292034000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Co-targeting TGF-\u03b2 and PD-L1 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to experimental immunogenic cisplatin-eribulin chemotherapy doublet"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Kalfeist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne Europe, Dijon, France."},{"name":"Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-Fran\u00e7ois Leclerc, INSERM UMS 58 BioSanD, Equipe 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