{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:40:29Z","timestamp":1792820429086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1 R01 AI41661-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 AI41661-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines were shown to be effective against several viruses, their advantage over vaccines that include envelope protein only is not completely clear, particularly for mRNA-encoded VLPs. We conducted a side-by-side comparison of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines encoding the Marburg virus (MARV) full-length glycoprotein (GP) delivered alone or as a VLP. Electron microscopy confirmed VLP formation when MARV GP and matrix protein VP40 were coexpressed. We vaccinated guinea pigs with a 2-component mRNA vaccine encoding GP and VP40 (VLP) or GP alone. At the highest dose, both vaccines protected fully, although the VLP vaccine elicited a slightly lower humoral response than did the GP-only mRNA vaccine. However, at low doses, GP-only mRNA conferred 100% protection, whereas the VLP vaccine conferred only partial protection. In mice, VLP mRNA induced a moderate preference for GP-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses, whereas the GP-only mRNA somewhat favored CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses. Guinea pig whole-blood RNA-Seq revealed that the VLP vaccine downregulated genes associated with various biological and metabolic processes, including the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, whereas the GP-only vaccine upregulated IFN signaling. Overall, the VLP mRNA vaccine was less immunogenic and protective, whereas the GP-only mRNA vaccine conferred robust protection with a dose of as little as 1 \u03bcg in guinea pigs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci194586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T12:00:33Z","timestamp":1751544033000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Marburg virus glycoprotein mRNA vaccine is more protective than a virus-like particle-forming mRNA vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Chandru","family":"Subramani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Center and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Comeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Center and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-1079","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James E.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Center,"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vsevolod L.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshwardhan","family":"Thaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Himansu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Carfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0342-4824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bukreyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and"},{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Viral Infections, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1239079"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.980"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-03275-8"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"CDC. Marburg Outbreak in Rwanda Situation Summary. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/marburg\/situation-summary\/index.html Updated December 2, 2024. Accessed July 10, 2025"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"WHO. Marburg virus disease \u2013 United Republic of Tanzania. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2025-DON559 Updated March 13, 2025. Accessed July 10, 2025"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10348"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22132-0"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai8711"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu511"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.703986"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq6364"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03071"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00226-y"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00431-07"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081263"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012262"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02400-X"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00058-6"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2327747"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274906"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.4.417"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00897-8"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051109"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2406332121"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw1673"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00273-6"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59225"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00512-x"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01574-5"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00752-5"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307079"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/194586\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:15:16Z","timestamp":1779210916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/194586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1172\/JCI194586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci194586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-8238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-8238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"article-number":"e194586"}}