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In this Review, we summarize the current clinical evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonists and cancer risk, including thyroid, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and hormone-dependent malignancies. With few exceptions, recent meta-analyses report that GLP-1 receptor therapies do not increase cancer incidence and may lower risk in some cases. Preclinical studies reinforce the anticancer effects of GLP-1 receptor therapies, even in non-obese models. However, there are still many opportunities for translational insight as the field grows. Immune-modulating effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are reported in several preclinical cancer studies, which may reflect direct action on immune cells or result from improved metabolic function. We highlight ongoing clinical trials for GLP-1 receptor therapies in cancer patients, and offer considerations for preclinical studies, including perspectives on the timing and duration of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment, concurrent use of standard anticancer therapies, and interpretation of models of cancer risk versus progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci194743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:01:03Z","timestamp":1762110063000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["GLP-1 receptor agonists and cancer: current clinical evidence and translational opportunities for preclinical research"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Estefania","family":"Valencia-Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajani","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Wellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"WHO. 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