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This diagnostic gap is unlikely to be resolved by improved variant detection alone, suggesting that variants affecting the same biological pathway may combine to cause disease. By studying epilepsy-associated actin regulatory genes, we identified a conserved actin\/mitochondria\/glutamate (AMG) pathway. We demonstrate that reduced actin polymerization promoted DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission, increased ROS levels, and enhanced glutamatergic transmission, leading to seizures. The glial innate immune pathway, a recently recognized contributor to epilepsy, is activated when the AMG pathway is affected. Reducing mitochondrial fission with the mitochondria division inhibitor (Mdivi-1), or suppressing ROS with\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-l-cysteine amide (NACA), significantly alleviated seizures. Importantly, digenic heterozygous loss-of-function variants in AMG pathway genes combined to cause seizures, and individuals with epilepsy of unknown etiology showed an increased burden of such variants when compared with the controls. Modeling patient-specific digenic combinations in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    confirmed that many combinations promote seizure susceptibility. Together, these findings establish the AMG pathway as a mechanistic framework for identifying digenic etiologies in epilepsy and highlight potential therapeutic targets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci198696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:00:18Z","timestamp":1784217618000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epilepsy-associated digenic variants affecting an actin\/mitochondria\/glutamate pathway promote seizure susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3117-3900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shenzhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 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