{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:51:55Z","timestamp":1791478315421,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY034486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY034486"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wkg3b53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY-033308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY-033308"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wkg3b53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY036826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY036826"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wkg3b53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY036341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY036341"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wkg3b53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["Sybil B. Harrington Career Development Award for Macular Degeneration"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sybil B. Harrington Career Development Award for Macular Degeneration"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04drjs621","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Illinois Society for the Prevention of Blindness","award":["Helen & Wesley Bass Jr Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Helen & Wesley Bass Jr Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0112vdv20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["Unrestricted Departmental Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted Departmental Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04drjs621","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["P30 CA060553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA060553"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The human retina and underlying choroid have multiple well-organized vascular layers. However, retinal and choroidal neovascularization can develop in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which can result in destructive vision loss. Ocular macrophages are implicated in the pathogenesis of such neovascular diseases. To identify a potential pro-angiogenic macrophage subtype, we integrated 13 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from human and mouse eyes comprising 173 unique samples. From 99,184 mononuclear phagocytes, we identified a single macrophage subtype with high expression of\n                    <jats:italic>SPP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>FABP5<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>IL7R<\/jats:italic>\n                    that was over-represented from neovascular disease samples. We fate mapped these cells and specifically depleted them, showing that they are monocyte-derived and necessary for laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice. Finally, we performed a high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing experiment on six human donors and found that the pro-angiogenic macrophage subtype localized to human choroidal neovascular membranes. These macrophages and other cells in neovascular membranes expressed MMP14, a potential therapeutic target, and\n                    <jats:italic>MMP14<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhibition decreased choroidal neovascularization in mice. Collectively, we show that this Monocyte-derived Pro-angiogenic Ocular Macrophage (MoPOM) subtype is upregulated in multiple ocular neovascular diseases across species, necessary for choroidal neovascularization, and is a potential therapeutic target to reduce destructive angiogenesis in the eye.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci205838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:12Z","timestamp":1791475212000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monocyte-derived pro-angiogenic ocular macrophages identified by spatial transcriptomics are essential for choroidal neovascularization"],"prefix":"10.1172","author":[{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Voigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Droho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Mulfaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Rajesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta E.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob K.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles J.","family":"Flamme-Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-0891","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Lavine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/205838\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:14Z","timestamp":1791475214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/205838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1172\/JCI205838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci205838","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-8238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-8238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]}}}