{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:37:14Z","timestamp":1788201434239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are a subset of lymphoid cells that, unlike their \u03b1\u03b2 lineage counterparts, express a heterodimeric TCR that mostly operates in an MHC-independent manner. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are abundant in barrier tissues, where they continuously monitor epithelial cells for signs of stress or damage. Thus, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are among the first responders to pathophysiological conditions, including viral infection and oncogenesis. Human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells can be classified based on TCR \u03b3 and \u03b4 chain usage into three main subsets: (a) V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, accounting for most circulating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells; (b) V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, which are common in epithelial linings, and (c) V\u03b43\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, which are fairly rare but exhibit unique specificities. Moreover, both human and murine \u03b3\u03b4 T cells can assume a spectrum of states with divergent phenotypic and functional properties. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells can mediate robust anticancer effects or support tumor progression and resistance to therapy, depending on numerous variables, including functional state and tumor type. Here, we critically discuss the context-dependent interaction between \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and cancer, focusing on recent developments and the challenges facing current efforts to manipulate this versatile lymphocyte subset for therapeutic purposes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci209159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:01:07Z","timestamp":1788199267000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4 T cells and cancer"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Bolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-2862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seth B.","family":"Coffelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland 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