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However, the induction of antiviral CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses varies substantially among infected people, and a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie such immune heterogeneity is required for pandemic preparedness and risk stratification. In this study, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses in relation to age, clinical status, and inflammation among patients infected primarily during the initial wave of the pandemic in France or Japan. We found that age-related contraction of the naive lymphocyte pool and systemic inflammation were associated with suboptimal SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and, even more evidently, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell immunity in patients with acute COVID-19. No such differences were observed for humoral immune responses targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also found that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18, concentrations of which were significantly elevated among patients with severe disease, suppressed the de novo induction and memory recall of antigen-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, including those directed against SARS-CoV-2. These results potentially explain the vulnerability of older adults to infections that elicit a profound inflammatory response, exemplified by acute COVID-19.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.180867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T12:00:22Z","timestamp":1737633622000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Aging and inflammation limit the induction of SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific CD8+ T cell responses in severe COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Autaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Papagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuto","family":"Nogimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Boizard-Moracchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Bordeaux, Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, 33000 Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniil","family":"Korenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeva","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Bordeaux, Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, 33000 Bordeaux, 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