{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:49:36Z","timestamp":1777891776106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychology: Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Social"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>O principal objectivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar o modo como atletas de diferentes idades percepcionavam as competi\u00e7\u00f5es em que estavam envolvidos, fundamentalmente no que se relacionava com as causas que consideravam ter estado subjacentes aos seus resultados desportivos. Para a sua realiza\u00e7\u00e3o contribuiu n\u00e3o s\u00f3 a escassez de investiga\u00e7\u00f5es desenvolvidas sobre este assunto, das rela\u00e7\u00f5es existentes entre a idade dos indiv\u00edduos e as atribui\u00e7\u00f5es que elaborampara os acontecimentos que protagonizam, mas tamb\u00e9m a inconsist\u00eancia verificada entre as suas conclus\u00f5ses. A amostra foi constituida por 270 atletas masculinos e femininos que competiam nos campeonatos nacionais de diversos desportos (nata\u00e7\u00e3o, voleibol, gin\u00e1stica art\u00edstica e gin\u00e1stica r\u00edtmica desportiva), e as suas idades estavam compreendidas entre os 10 e os 24 anos. Os atletas, para al\u00e9m de responderem a questoes de ordem demogr\u00e1fica (e.g., sexo, idade, tempo de pr\u00e1tica desportiva anterior), responderam ainda a diversas quest\u00f5es sobre as competi\u00e7\u00f5es em que tinham alcan\u00e7ado os resultados mais significativos das suas carreiras desportivas. As quest\u00f5es incidiam n\u00e3o s\u00f3 sobre as provas e os resultados obtidos mas tamb\u00e9m sobre as causas que eles consideravam mais ter contribu\u00eddo para a sua obten\u00e7\u00e3o. Para avaliarem as causas que indicaram, os atletas responderam a uma versao traduzida e adaptada (Fonseca, 1992, 1993) da Causal Dimension Scale II ( CDSII: McAuley et al., 1992). Os resultados evidenciaram que os atletas mais novos consideravam as causas dos seus resultados como mais internas, est\u00e1veis, e control\u00e1veis\u2014por eles e n\u00e3o pelos outros\u2014do que os seus colegas mais velhos. As respostas dos atletas dos diferentes grupos et\u00e1rios pareceram, no entanto, convergir num sentido: o da exist\u00eancia de um mecanismo de protec\u00e7\u00e3o ou implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da sua auto-estima. Esta atitude, por\u00e9m, pareceu assumir propor\u00e7\u00f5es diferenciadas para os atletas dos diferentes grupos et\u00e1rios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1174\/021347499760260046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]],"date-time":"2002-11-12T13:44:34Z","timestamp":1037108674000},"page":"3-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A percep\u00e7\u00e3o da causalidade subjacente aos resultados desportivos e a idade dos atletas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Manuel","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr0001-021347499760260046","first-page":"31","volume":"26","author":"Alonso-Tapia J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infancia y Aprendizage"},{"key":"bibr0002-021347499760260046","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","author":"Banzinger G.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr0003-021347499760260046","unstructured":"Biddle S. 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