{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:59:00Z","timestamp":1793048340642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"American Meteorological Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\n                    <jats:italic>Deep Space Climate Observatory<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>DSCOVR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the\n                    <jats:italic>DSCOVR<\/jats:italic>\n                    EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5\u00b0 and 175.5\u00b0) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    B-band absorption for vegetation properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1175\/bams-d-17-0223.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1522683256000},"page":"1829-1850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument"],"prefix":"10.1175","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marshak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szabo","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blank","family":"Karin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Carn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Cede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Geogdzhayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Kang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Knyazikhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickolay","family":"Krotkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Lyapustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"McPeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuekui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12","reference":[{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D14S11","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009622","article-title":"Using the GOES sounder to monitor upper level SO2 from volcanic eruptions","volume":"113","author":"Ackerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8040356","article-title":"Amazon forests\u2019 response to droughts: A perspective from the MAIAC product","volume":"8","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/366327a0","article-title":"The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations","volume":"366","author":"Bluth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1086\/515972","article-title":"Stratospheric loading of sulfur from explosive volcanic eruptions","volume":"105","author":"Bluth","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2003.00681.x","article-title":"A dynamic global vegetation model for use with climate models: Concepts and description of simulated vegetation dynamics","volume":"9","author":"Bonan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-3309.1","article-title":"Horizontally oriented plates in clouds","volume":"61","author":"Br\u00e9on","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4282","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001094","article-title":"Analysis of hot spot directional signatures measured from space","volume":"107","author":"Br\u00e9on","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(93)89169-I","article-title":"High-resolution laboratory absorption cross section of O3. Temperature effect","volume":"213","author":"Brion","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006036924364","article-title":"Absorption spectra measurements for the ozone molecule in the 350\u2013830 nm region","volume":"30","author":"Brion","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carn, S. A., and N. A.Krotkov, 2016: Ultraviolet satellite measurements of volcanic ash. Volcanic Ash: Hazard Observation, S. Mackie et al., Eds., Elsevier, 217\u2013231, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-100405-0.00018-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100405-0.00018-5"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carn, S. A., A. J.Krueger, G. S. J.Bluth, S. J.Schaefer, N. A.Krotkov, I. M.Watson, and S.Datta, 2003: Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: A 22-year record of sulfur dioxide and ash emissions. Volcanic Degassing, C. Oppenheimer, D. M. Pyle, and J. Barclay, Eds., Geological Society, 177\u2013202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/GSL.SP.2003.213.01.11.","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2003.213.01.11"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL062437","article-title":"Extending the long-term record of volcanic SO2 emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite nadir mapper","volume":"42","author":"Carn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.002","article-title":"Multi-decadal satellite measurements of global volcanic degassing","volume":"311","author":"Carn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001206","article-title":"Monitoring of erythemal irradiance in the Argentine ultraviolet network","volume":"107","author":"Cede","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib15","unstructured":"Channan, S., K.Collins, and W. R.Emanuel, 2014: Global mosaics of the standard MODIS land cover type data. University of Maryland and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, http:\/\/glcf.umd.edu\/data\/lc\/."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00150-5","article-title":"Multi-angular optical remote sensing for assessing vegetation structure and carbon absorption","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB1019","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GB003996","article-title":"Effects of foliage clumping on the estimation of global terrestrial gross primary productivity","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4073(99)00036-9","article-title":"Observations of horizontally oriented ice crystals in cirrus clouds with POLDER-1\/ADEOS-1","volume":"63","author":"Chepfer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2004)017<2281:ATMFCT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Climate"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053756","article-title":"Ozone UV spectroscopy I: Absorption cross-sections at room temperature","volume":"15","author":"Daumont","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G00B06","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JG000590","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of tropical forest leaf area index and CO2 exchange","volume":"113","author":"Doughty","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-3881-2008","article-title":"Estimation of the vertical profile of sulfur dioxide injection into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption using satellite column measurements and inverse transport modeling","volume":"8","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-359-2018","article-title":"Calibration of the DSCOVR EPIC visible and NIR channels using MODIS Terra and Aqua data and EPIC lunar observations","volume":"11","author":"Geogdzhayev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q04001","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GC000654","article-title":"Re-evaluation of SO2 release of the 15 June 1991 Pinatubo eruption using ultraviolet and infrared satellite sensors","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib25","unstructured":"Habibi, M. , 2017: Image sensors. Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2nd ed. J. G. Webster and H. Eren, Eds., CRC Press, 1585, www.kelm.ftn.uns.ac.rs\/literatura\/si\/pdf\/Measurement%20Instrumentation%20Sensors.pdf."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Development of a two-leaf light use efficiency model for improving the calculation of terrestrial gross primary productivity","volume":"173","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteor."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAMC1882.1","article-title":"Gazing at cirrus clouds for 25 years through a split window. Part I: Methodology","volume":"48","author":"Heidinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23119","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD014317","article-title":"Use of an improved radiation amplification factor to estimate the effect of total ozone changes on action spectrum weighted irradiances and an instrument response function","volume":"115","author":"Herman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16\u2005911","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03680","article-title":"Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7\/TOMS data","volume":"102","author":"Herman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-3407-2015","article-title":"Comparison of ozone retrievals from the Pandora spectrometer system and Dobson spectrophotometer in Boulder, Colorado","volume":"8","author":"Herman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-177-2018","article-title":"Synoptic ozone, cloud reflectivity, and erythemal irradiance from sunrise to sunset for the whole Earth as viewed by DSCOVR spacecraft from the Earth\u2013sun Lagrange 1 orbit","volume":"11","author":"Herman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.05.020","article-title":"On the measurability of change in Amazon vegetation from MODIS","volume":"166","author":"Hilker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020098","article-title":"Study of the effect of temporal sampling frequency on DSCOVR observations using the GEOS-5 nature run results (part I): Earth\u2019s radiation budget","volume":"8","author":"Holdaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050431","article-title":"Study of the effect of temporal sampling frequency on DSCOVR observations using the GEOS-5 nature run results (part II): Cloud coverage","volume":"8","author":"Holdaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D18307","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD017957","article-title":"Using horizontal transport characteristics to infer an emission height time series of volcanic SO2","volume":"117","author":"Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020482","article-title":"OMPS Limb Profiler instrument performance assessment","volume":"119","author":"Jaross","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2230008","article-title":"A color ratio method for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud optical thickness of above-cloud absorbing aerosols from passive sensors: Application to MODIS measurements","volume":"51","author":"Jethva","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/36.124212","article-title":"Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)","volume":"30","author":"King","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD002001","article-title":"Quantification of aerosol signal in GOES 8 visible imagery over the United States","volume":"107","author":"Knapp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2010.06.014","article-title":"Canopy spectral invariants. Part 1: A new concept in remote sensing of vegetation","volume":"112","author":"Knyazikhin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E185","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210196109","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of foliar nitrogen content","volume":"110","author":"Knyazikhin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900657","article-title":"A fast method for retrieval of cloud parameters using oxygen A band measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment","volume":"106","author":"Koelemeijer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712656913","article-title":"Ice particle habits in stratiform clouds","volume":"126","author":"Korolev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1029\/1998GL900278","article-title":"Comparison of TOMS and AVHRR volcanic ash retrievals from the August 1992 eruption of Mt","volume":"26","author":"Krotkov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spurr. Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4073(99)00041-2","article-title":"Effect of particle non-sphericity on satellite monitoring of drifting volcanic ash clouds","volume":"63","author":"Krotkov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D00L20","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD013984","article-title":"Dispersion and lifetime of the SO2 cloud from the August 2008 Kasatochi eruption","volume":"115","author":"Krotkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4604.1377","article-title":"Sighting of El Chich\u00f3n sulfur dioxide clouds with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer","volume":"220","author":"Krueger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14\u2005057","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD01222","article-title":"Volcanic sulfur dioxide measurements from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer instruments","volume":"100","author":"Krueger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib49","author":"Krueger","year":"2000"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib50","author":"Kuusk","year":"1991"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-445-2017","article-title":"New-generation NASA Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) volcanic SO2 dataset: Algorithm description, initial results, and continuation with the Suomi-NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1109\/36.841980","article-title":"An algorithm for the retrieval of albedo from space using semiempirical BRDF models","volume":"38","author":"Lucht","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib53","first-page":"D03211","article-title":"Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC): 2. Aerosol algorithm","volume":"116","author":"Lyapustin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.09.002","article-title":"Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction for MODIS (MAIAC). 3: Atmospheric correction","volume":"127","author":"Lyapustin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696758","article-title":"Ozone UV spectroscopy. II: Absorption cross-sections and temperature dependence","volume":"21","author":"Malicet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2017.01.015","article-title":"The spectral invariant approximation within canopy radiative transfer to support the use of the EPIC\/DSCOVR oxygen B-band for monitoring vegetation","volume":"191","author":"Marshak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL073248","article-title":"Terrestrial glint seen from deep space: Oriented ice crystals detected from the Lagrangian point","volume":"44","author":"Marshak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib58","author":"McKinley","year":"1987"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07949","article-title":"Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink","volume":"458","author":"Mercado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-1785-2016","article-title":"Uncertainties in cloud phase and optical thickness retrievals from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC)","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Research Council, 2007: Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond. The National Academies Press, 454 pp., https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/11820.","DOI":"10.17226\/11820"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib62","author":"Nilson","year":"1991"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2004)061<2073:SOICOI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Study of ice crystal orientation in cirrus clouds based on satellite polarized radiance measurements","volume":"61","author":"Noel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D00H23","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD012365","article-title":"A global view of horizontally oriented crystals in ice clouds from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)","volume":"115","author":"Noel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib65","author":"Norman","year":"1982"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-010-9689-0","article-title":"Deriving the absolute reflectance of lunar surface using SELENE (Kaguya) multiband imager data","volume":"154","author":"Ohtake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2013.05.010","article-title":"One moon, many measurements 3: Spectral reflectance","volume":"226","author":"Ohtake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.808319","article-title":"Aqua: An Earth-observing satellite mission to examine water and other climate variables","volume":"41","author":"Parkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50173","article-title":"Automated retrievals of volcanic ash and dust cloud properties from upwelling infrared measurements","volume":"118","author":"Pavolonis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2610522","article-title":"The MODIS cloud optical and microphysical products: Collection 6 updates and examples from Terra and Aqua","volume":"55","author":"Platnick","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168908903916","article-title":"Observations of volcanic ash clouds in the 10-12 mm window using AVHRR\/2 data","volume":"10","author":"Prata","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D20204","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007955","article-title":"Retrieval of volcanic SO2 column abundance from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder data","volume":"112","author":"Prata","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L05813","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL028691","article-title":"Simultaneous retrieval of volcanic ash and SO2 using MSG-SEVIRI measurements","volume":"34","author":"Prata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prata, A. J., and G.Prata, 2015: Remote sensing of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide. Volcanism and Global Environmental Change, A. Schmidt and K. Fristad, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 97\u2013114, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781107415683.010.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415683.010"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1029\/139GM05","article-title":"Global, long-term sulphur dioxide measurements from TOVS data: A new tool for studying explosive volcanism and climate","author":"Prata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Volcanism and the Earth\u2019s Atmosphere, Geophys. Monogr."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib76","author":"Prata","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/02757259609532323","article-title":"The hotspot effect in heterogeneous vegetation canopies and performances of various hotspot models","volume":"14","author":"Qin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Rev."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib78","author":"Realmuto","year":"2000"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(88)90026-0","article-title":"Calculation of canopy bidirectional reflectance using the Monte Carlo method","volume":"24","author":"Ross","year":"1988","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2001)058<2103:AMCCCF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A midlatitude cirrus cloud climatology from the facility for atmospheric remote sensing. Part II: Microphysical properties derived from lidar depolarization","volume":"58","author":"Sassen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2502904","article-title":"A web-based tool for calculating spectral band difference adjustment factors derived from SCIAMACHY hyperspectral data","volume":"54","author":"Scarino","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAMC1858.1","article-title":"The GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager and the continuation of current sounder products","volume":"47","author":"Schmit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00230.1","article-title":"A closer look at the ABI on the GOES-R series","volume":"98","author":"Schmit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1998.00169.x","article-title":"Implications of shoot structure on the rate of photosynthesis at different levels in a coniferous canopy using a model incorporating grouping and penumbra","volume":"12","author":"Stenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.05.013","article-title":"Photon recollision probability in modelling the radiation regime of canopies\u2014A review","volume":"183","author":"Stenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1990)047<1742:TROTMA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to the climate and climatic feedback","volume":"47","author":"Stephens","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17\u2005099","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD00900","article-title":"Derivation of aerosol properties from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation: Theoretical basis","volume":"103","author":"Torres","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D24S47","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008809","article-title":"Aerosols and surface UV products from OMI observations: An overview","volume":"112","author":"Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-11-0130.1","article-title":"Retrieval of aerosol optical depth above clouds from OMI observations: Sensitivity analysis and case studies","volume":"69","author":"Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-3257-2013","article-title":"Improvements to the OMI near UV aerosol algorithm using A-train CALIOP and AIRS observations","volume":"6","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(79)90013-0","article-title":"Red and photographic infrared linear combination for monitoring vegetation","volume":"8","author":"Tucker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219393110","article-title":"Remote sensing of canopy chemistry","volume":"110","author":"Ustin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(01)00284-8","article-title":"Modelling plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in CLASS\u2014the Canadian Land Surface Scheme","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecol. Modell."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0699.1","article-title":"Evaluation of the ozone fields in NASA\u2019s MERRA-2 reanalysis","volume":"30","author":"Wargan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Climate"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD03340","article-title":"Retrieval of particle sizes and masses in volcanic clouds using AVHRR bands 4 and 5","volume":"99","author":"Wen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7544","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL073939","article-title":"Passive remote sensing of altitude and optical depth of dust plumes using the oxygen A and B bands: First results from EPIC\/DSCOVR at Lagrange-1 point","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.05.033","article-title":"Estimation of leaf area index and its sunlit portion from DSCOVR EPIC data: Theoretical basis","volume":"198","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4073(02)00348-5","article-title":"The spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds composed of nonspherical ice crystals and spherical liquid droplets in the terrestrial window region","volume":"79\u201380","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"2020061622503219600_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2012.09.017","article-title":"A method of retrieving cloud top height and cloud geometrical thickness with oxygen A and B bands for the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission: Radiative transfer simulations","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans."}],"container-title":["Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/bams\/99\/9\/bams-d-17-0223.1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/bams\/article-pdf\/99\/9\/1829\/3751942\/bams-d-17-0223_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/bams\/99\/9\/bams-d-17-0223.1.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T12:17:29Z","timestamp":1607689049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/bams\/99\/9\/bams-d-17-0223.1.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/bams-d-17-0223.1","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-13-5259-2020","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-0007","1520-0477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0007","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-0477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}