{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:25:55Z","timestamp":1786443955710,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1659111453000},"page":"431-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Characteristics of Depressed Patients Who Report Childhood Sexual Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Gladstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1563BABEAGEI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bifulco A, Brown GW, Adler Z: Early sexual abuse and clinical depression in adult life. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159:115\u2013122","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.115"},{"key":"R1563BABFGIFJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boudewyn AC, Liem JH: Childhood sexual abuse as a precursor to depression and self-destructive behavior in adulthood. J Trauma Stress 1995; 8:445\u2013459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02102969"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, Dill L, Schroeder AF, Dechant HK, Ryden J, Derogatis LR, Bass EB: Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse\u2014unhealed wounds. JAMA 1997; 277:1362\u20131368","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.17.1362"},{"key":"R1563BABCCFBD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mennen FE, Meadow D: A preliminary study of the factors related to trauma in childhood sexual abuse. J Family Violence 1994; 9:125\u2013142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531959"},{"key":"R1563BABHCIDH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pribor EF, Dinwiddie SH: Psychiatric correlates of incest in childhood. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:52\u201356","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.52"},{"key":"R1563BABCBDIC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryer JB, Nelson BA, Miller JB, Krol PA: Childhood sexual and physical abuse as factors in adult psychiatric illness. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:1426\u20131430","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.11.1426"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herman JL, Perry JC, van der Kolk BA: Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:490\u2013495","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.4.490"},{"key":"R1563BABEJDHH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nigg JT, Silk KR, Westen D, Lohr NE, Gold LJ, Goodrich S, Ogata S: Object representations in the early memories of sexually abused borderline patients. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:864\u2013869","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.7.864"},{"key":"R1563BABBGJHC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oppenheimer R, Howells K, Palmer RL, Chaloner DA: Adverse sexual experiences in childhood and clinical eating disorders: a preliminary description. J Psychiatr Res 1985; 19:357\u2013361","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(85)90040-8"},{"key":"R1563BABHBBGE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Kolk BA, Perry JC, Herman JL: Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1665\u20131671","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1665"},{"key":"R1563BABHACBJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brodsky BS, Cloitre M, Dulit RA: Relationship of dissociation to self-mutilation and childhood abuse in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1788\u20131792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.12.1788"},{"key":"R1563BABBGIHE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox KM, Gilbert BO: The interpersonal and psychological functioning of women who experienced childhood physical abuse, incest, and parental alcoholism. Child Abuse Negl 1994; 18:849\u2013858","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90064-7"},{"key":"R1563BABEFHDF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmer RL, Oppenheimer R, Dignon A, Chaloner DA, Howells K: Childhood sexual experience with adults reported by women with eating disorders: an extended series. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 156:699\u2013703","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.5.699"},{"key":"R1563BABGEFBH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullen PE, Martin JL, Anderson JC, Romans SE, Herbison GP: Childhood sexual abuse and mental health in adult life. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163:721\u2013732","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.6.721"},{"key":"R1563BABJAJDD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker G: Parental affectionless control as an antecedent to adult depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40:956\u2013960","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790080038005"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Greenwald S, Weissman M: Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample. J Affect Disord 1995; 33:173\u2013180","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)00086-O"},{"key":"R1563BABGGCEE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker G, Roussos J, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Austin M-P: The development of a refined measure of dysfunctional parenting and assessment of its relevance in patients with affective disorders. Psychol Med 1997; 27:1193\u20131203","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179700545X"},{"key":"R1563BABIBHHA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561\u2013571","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"R1563BABIFADC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker G, Tupling H, Brown LB: A parental bonding instrument. Br J Med Psychol 1979; 52:1\u201310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x"},{"key":"R1563BABEFFII","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton M: Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1967; 6:278\u2013296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x"},{"key":"R1563BABJBGHD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown GR, Anderson B: Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:55\u201361","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.1.55"},{"key":"R1563BABJFECF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akiskal HS, Rosenthal TL, Haykal RF, Lemmi H, Rosenthal RH, Scott-Strauss A: Characterological depressions: clinical and sleep EEG findings separating \u201csubaffective dysthymias\u201d from \u201ccharacter spectrum disorders.\u201d Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37:777\u2013783","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780200055006"},{"key":"R1563BABJICBE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanValkenburg C, Akiskal HS, Puzantian V: Depression spectrum disease or character spectrum disorders? a clinical study of major depressives with familial alcoholism or sociopathy. Compr Psychiatry 1983; 24:589\u2013595","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(83)90027-5"},{"key":"R1563BABCGFCC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romans SE, Martin J, Mullen P: Women\u2019s self-esteem\u2014a community study of women who report and do not report childhood sexual abuse. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169:696\u2013704","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.6.696"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spaccarelli S, Fuchs C: Variability in symptom expression among sexually abused girls\u2014developing multivariate models. J Clin Child Psychol 1997; 26:24\u201335","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2601_3"},{"key":"R1563BABCDIJG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stern AE, Lynch DL, Oates RK, O\u2019Toole BI, Cooney G: Self-esteem, depression, behavior and family functioning in sexually abused girls. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995; 36:1077\u20131089","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01352.x"},{"key":"R1563BABHJBEC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueroa EF, Silk KR, Huth A, Lohr NE: History of childhood sexual abuse and general psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38:23\u201330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90049-3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/ajp.156.3.431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T15:53:13Z","timestamp":1722181993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/ajp.156.3.431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/ajp.156.3.431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.156.3.431","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]}}}