{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:56:30Z","timestamp":1789563390996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.5.710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T12:19:01Z","timestamp":1659097141000},"page":"710-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Low Levels of Transthyretin in the CSF of Depressed Patients"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Hatterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Roose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. John","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Marangell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1565BABJEIGE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orsulak PJ, Crowley G, Schlesser MA, Giles D, Fairchild C, Rush AJ: Free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in a group of unipolar depressed patients and normal subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1985; 20:1047\u20131054","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(85)90003-4"},{"key":"R1565BABBHJHI","unstructured":"Fava M, Labbate LA, Abraham ME, Rosenbaum JF: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in major depression revisited. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:186\u2013192"},{"key":"R1565BABBDABJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loosen PT, Prange AJ Jr: Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients: a review. Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139:405\u2013416","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.4.405"},{"key":"R1565BABEGBFG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Giles DE, Schlesser MA, Orsulak PJ, Weissenburger JE, Fulton CL, Fairchild CJ, Roffwarg HP: Dexamethasone response, thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, rapid eye movement latency, and subtypes of depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:915\u2013928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00148-0"},{"key":"R1565BABDDACB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkegaard C: The thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1981; 6:189\u2013212","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(81)90029-9"},{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Schlesser MA, Roffwarg HP, Giles DE, Orsulak PJ, Fairchild CJ: Relationships among the TRH, REM latency, and dexamethasone suppression tests: preliminary findings. J Clin Psychiatry 1983; 44:23\u201329"},{"key":"R1565BABFIJDJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winokur A, Amsterdam JK, Osler J, Mendels J, Snyder PJ, Caroff SN, Brunswick DJ: Multiple hormonal responses to protirelin (TRH) in depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40:525\u2013531","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790050051006"},{"key":"R1565BABGHFFD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banki CM, Bissette G, Arato M, Nemeroff CB: Elevation of immunoreactive CSF TRH in depressed patients. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:1526\u20131531","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.12.1526"},{"key":"R1565BABHEEAJ","unstructured":"Targum SD, Greenberg RD, Harmon RL, Kessler K, Salerian AJ, Fram DH: Thyroid hormone and the TRH stimulation test in refractory depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45:345\u2013346"},{"key":"R1565BABEHGFA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitlin MJ, Weiner H, Fairbanks L, Hershman JM, Friedfeld N: Failure of T3 to potentiate tricyclic antidepressant response. J Affect Disord 1987; 13:267\u2013272","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(87)90046-2"},{"key":"R1565BABDACFB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartalena L, Placidi GF, Martino E, Falcone M, Pellegrini L, Dell-Osso L, Pacchiarotti A, Pinchera A: Nocturnal serum thyrotropin (TSH) surge and the TSH response to TSH-releasing hormone: dissociated behavior in untreated depressives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:650\u2013655","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-3-650"},{"key":"R1565BABFDGAC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duval F, Mokrani MC, Croq MA, Jautz M, Bailey P, Diep TS, Macher JP: Effect of antidepressant medication on morning and evening thyroid function tests during a major depressive episode. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53:833\u2013840","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830090081012"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joffe RT, Levitt AJ: Major depression and subclinical (grade 2) hypothyroidism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1992; 17:215\u2013221","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90060-K"},{"key":"R1565BABBDIHE","unstructured":"Howland RH: Thyroid dysfunction in refractory depression: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54:47\u201354"},{"key":"R1565BABEADBD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronson R, Offman HJ, Joffe RT, Naylor CD: Triiodothyronine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression: a meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53:842\u2013848","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830090090013"},{"key":"R1565BABGDHJC","unstructured":"Whybrow PC: The therapeutic use of triiodothyronine and high-dose thyroxine in psychiatric disorder. Acta Med Austriaca 1994; 21:47\u201352"},{"key":"R1565BABDGJIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner A, Bauer M, Hellweg R: Treatment of intractable nonrapid cycling bipolar affective disorder with high-dose thyroxine: an open clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994; 10:183\u2013189","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1994.20"},{"key":"R1565BABBCFEH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer MS, Whybrow PC, Winokur A: Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder, I: association with grade I hypothyroidism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:427\u2013432","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810170027005"},{"key":"R1565BABDGEFA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbert J, Wilcox JN, Pham KC, Fremeau RT, Zeviani M, Dwork A, Soprano DR, Makover A, Goodman DS, Zimmerman EA, Roberts JL, Schon EA: Transthyretin: a choroid plexus-specific transport protein in human brain. Neurology 1986; 36:900\u2013911","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.7.900"},{"key":"R1565BABGJFIG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatterer JA, Herbert J, Hidaka C, Roose SP, Gorman JM: CSF transthyretin in patients with depression. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:813\u2013815","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.5.813"},{"key":"R1565BABGBJFF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malone KM, Haas GL, Sweeney JA, Mann JJ: Major depression and the risk of attempted suicide. J Affect Disord 1995; 34:173\u2013185","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00015-F"},{"key":"R1565BABIFFIJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton M: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23:56\u201362","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"R1565BABDABDB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schechter D, Strasser TJ, Santangelo C, Kim E, Endicott J: \u201cNormal\u201d control subjects are hard to find: a model for centralized recruitment. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53:301\u2013311","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)90057-4"},{"key":"R1565BABCEHHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endicott J, Spitzer RL: A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978; 35:837\u2013844","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002"},{"key":"R1565BABHJCJD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickson PW, Aldred AR, Menting JGT, Marley PD, Sawyer WH, Schreiber G: Thyroxine transport in choroid plexus. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:13907\u201313915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47880-5"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanoine JP, Alex S, Fang SL, Stone S, Leonard JL, Korhle J, Braverman LE: Role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroxine from the blood to the choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain. Endocrinology 1992; 130:933\u2013938","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.2.1733735"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blay P, Nilsson C, Owman C, Aldred A, Schreiber G: Transthyretin expression in the rat brain: effect of thyroid functional state and role in thyroxine transport. Brain Res 1993; 632:114\u2013120","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91145-I"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Southwell BR, Duan W, Alcorn D, Brack C, Richardson SJ, Kohrle J, Schreiber G: Thyroxine transport to the brain: role of protein synthesis by the choroid plexus. Endocrinology 1993; 133:2116\u20132126","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.5.8404661"},{"key":"R1565BABIHABI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiber G, Southwell BR, Richardson SJ: Hormone delivery systems to the brain\u2014transthyretin. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1995; 103:75\u201380","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211332"},{"key":"R1565BABICGHD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner A, Hiedra L, Pinna G, Eravci M, Prengel H, Meinhold H: Rat brain type II 5\"-iodothyronine deiodinase activity is extremely sensitive to stress. J Neurochem 1998; 71:817\u2013826","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71020817.x"},{"key":"R1565BABJGABF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandrini M, Marrama D, Vergoni AV, Bertolini A: Effects of thyroid status on the characteristics of alpha 1- alpha 2- beta, imipramine and GABA receptors in the rat brain. Life Sci 1991; 48:659\u2013666","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90541-I"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heal DJ, Smith SL: The effects of acute and repeated administration of T3 to mice on 5-HT-1 and 5-HT-2 function in the brain and its influence on the actions of repeated electroconvulsive shock. Neuropharmacology 1988; 27:1239\u20131248","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(88)90026-3"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tejani-Butt SM, Yang J, Kaviani A: Time course of altered thyroid states on 5-HT-1a receptors and 5-HT uptake sites in rat brain: an autoradiographic analysis. Neuroendocrinology 1993; 57:1011\u20131018","DOI":"10.1159\/000126465"},{"key":"R1565BABDFDDG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason GA, Bondy SC, Nemeroff CB, Walker CH, Prange AJ Jr: The effects of thyroid state on beta-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors in rat brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1987; 12:261\u2013270","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(87)90050-3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/ajp.156.5.710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T19:54:00Z","timestamp":1721850840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/ajp.156.5.710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/ajp.156.5.710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.156.5.710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]}}}