{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:23:10Z","timestamp":1792578190865,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:13:28Z","timestamp":1034360008000},"page":"393-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":426,"title":["Controlled Family Study of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence of Shared Liability and Transmission of Partial Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Strober","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlyn","family":"Lampert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1573CHDFCDIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Welch SL, Doll HA, Davies BA, O\u2019Connor ME: Risk factors for bulimia nervosa: a community-based case-control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:509\u2013517","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830180015003"},{"key":"R1573CHDEBDBB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, Welch SL: Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: three integrated case-control comparisons. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:468\u2013476","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.468"},{"key":"R1573CHDDBJAH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strober M, Morrell W, Burroughs J, Salkin B, Jacobs C: A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatr Res 1985; 19:239\u2013246","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-032704-4.50028-0"},{"key":"R1573CHDCJIGH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr, Jonas JM, Yurgelun-Todd D, Frankenburg FR: A controlled family study of bulimia. Psychol Med 1987; 17:883\u2013890","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700000684"},{"key":"R1573CHDCBBEI","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlmann R: Familiare belastungen mit affekitven Erkrankungen von Patienten mit Anorexia nervosa. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr 1988; 16:14\u201319"},{"key":"R1573CHDDJEFH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassett JA, Gershon ES, Maxwell EM, Guroff JJ, Kazuba DM, Smith AL, Brandt HA, Jimerson DC: Psychiatric disorders in the first-degree relatives of probands with bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:1328\u20131330","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.11.1468"},{"key":"R1573CHDCDDBJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logue CM, Crowe RR, Bean JA: A family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 30:179\u2013188","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(89)90071-0"},{"key":"R1573CHDIFEED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strober M, Lampert C, Morrell W, Burroughs J, Jacobs C: A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa: evidence of familial aggregation and lack of shared transmission with affective disorders. Int J Eat Disord 1990; 9:239\u2013253","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199005)9:3<239::AID-EAT2260090302>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halmi KA, Eckert E, Marchi P, Sampugnaro V, Apple R, Cohen J: Comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses in anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:712\u2013718","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810320036006"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stern SL, Dixon KN, Sansone RA, Lake MD, Nemzer E, Jones D: Psychoactive substance use disorder in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 1992; 33:207\u2013212","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(92)90032-L"},{"key":"R1573CHDBHHJJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilenfeld LR, Kaye WH, Greeno CG, Merikangas KR, Plotnicov K, Pollice C, Rao R, Strober M, Bulik CM, Nagy L: A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives and effects of proband comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:603\u2013610","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.603"},{"key":"R1573CHDFEAHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casper RC, Eckert ED, Halmi KA, Goldberg SC, Davis JM: Bulimia: its incidence and clinical importance in patients with anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37:1030\u20131035","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780220068007"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H, Garner DM: The heterogeneity of anorexia nervosa: bulimia as a distinct subgroup. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37:1036\u20131040","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780220074008"},{"key":"R1573CHDFHGDI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strober M: The significance of bulimia in anorexia nervosa: an exploration of possible etiologic factors. Int J Eat Disord 1981; 1:28\u201343","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198123)1:1<28::AID-EAT2260010104>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"R1573CHDFADIF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckert ED, Halmi KA, Marchi P, Grove W, Crosby R: Ten-year follow-up of anorexia nervosa: clinical course and outcome. Psychol Med 1995; 25:143\u2013156","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028166"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Fear J, Pickering A: Predictors of the development of bulimia nervosa in women with anorexia nervosa. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 185:704\u2013707","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199711000-00009"},{"key":"R1573CHDFACEE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strober M, Freeman R, Morrell W: The long-term course of severe anorexia nervosa in adolescents: survival analysis of recovery, relapse, and outcome predictors over 10\u201315 years in a prospective study. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22:339\u2013360","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199712)22:4<339::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"R1573CHDFHFBF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaye W, Gendall K, Strober M: Serotonin neuronal functioning and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in eating disorders. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44:825\u2013838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00195-4"},{"key":"R1573CHDIADID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Carter J, Joyce PR: Lifetime anxiety disorders in women with bulimia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 1996; 17:368\u2013374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(96)90019-X"},{"key":"R1573CHDEDDCH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Fear JL, Joyce PR: Eating disorders and antecedent anxiety disorders: a controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96:101\u2013107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09913.x"},{"key":"R1573CHDHDHIJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Gwirtsman HE, George DT, Ebert M: Altered serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:556\u2013562","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810300068010"},{"key":"R1573CHDJHABF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Greeno CG, Moss H, Fernstrom J, Fernstrom M, Lilenfeld LR, Weltzin TE, Mann JJ: Alterations in serotonin activity and psychiatric symptoms after recovery from bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:927\u2013935","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.10.927"},{"key":"R1573CHDGJFFJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannuzza S, Fyer AJ, Endicott J, Gallops MS, Martin LY, Reich T, Klein DF: An extension of the acquaintanceship procedure in family studies of mental disorder. J Psychiatr Res 1992; 26:45\u201357","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(92)90015-G"},{"key":"R1573CHDDGJGF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endicott J, Spitzer RL: A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978; 35:837\u2013844","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002"},{"key":"R1573CHDEEHHH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, Stevens DE, Fenton B, Stolar M, O\u2019Malley S, Woods SW, Risch N: Comorbidity and familial aggregation of alcoholism and anxiety disorders. Psychol Med 1998; 28:773\u2013788","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006941"},{"key":"R1573CHDJIDHH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Winokur G: The family history method using diagnostic criteria: reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977; 34:1229\u20131235","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770220111013"},{"key":"R1573CHDCAEII","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodside DB, Field LL, Garfinkel PE, Heinsaa M: Specificity of eating disorder diagnoses in families of probands with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 1998; 39:261\u2013264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(98)90033-5"},{"key":"R1573CHDEDJCE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters EE, Kendler KS: Anorexia nervosa and anorexic-like syndromes in a population-based twin sample. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:64\u201371","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.1.64"},{"key":"R1573CHDIEAII","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendler KS, MacLean C, Neale M, Kessler R, Heath A, Eaves L: The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1627\u20131637","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.12.1627"},{"key":"R1573CHDDCBBD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Kendler KS: Heritability of binge eating and broadly defined bulimia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44:210\u2013218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00280-7"},{"key":"R1573CHDJFAFE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Gardner CO Jr: Twin studies of adult psychiatric and substance dependence disorders: are they biased by differences in the environmental experiences of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in childhood and adolescence? Psychol Med 1998; 28:625\u2013633","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006643"},{"key":"R1573CHDDAGCD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy M-A, Neale MC, Kendler KS: Selecting a control group in studies of the familial coaggregation of two disorders. Am J Med Genet 1997; 74:296\u2013303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970531)74:3<296::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"R1573CHDCAAJC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fyer AJ, Mannuzza S, Chapman TF, Martin LY, Klein DF: Specificity in familial aggregation of phobic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:564\u2013573","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950190046007"},{"key":"R1573CHDDEIDB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazure C, Gershon ES: Blindness and reliability in lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36:521\u2013525","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780050031002"},{"key":"R1573CHDCIDID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendler KS: Is seeking treatment for depression predicted by a history of depression in relatives? implication for family studies of affective disorder. Psychol Med 1995; 25:807\u2013814","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035054"},{"key":"R1573CHDJEFBF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohde P, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR: Comparability of telephone and face-to-face interviews in assessing axis I and axis II disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1593\u20131598","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1593"},{"key":"R1573CHDGFCID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobin C, Weissman MM, Goldstein RB, Adams P, Wickramaratne P, Warner V, Lisch JD: Diagnostic interviewing for family studies: comparing telephone and face-to-face methods for the diagnosis of lifetime psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Genet 1993; 3:227\u2013234","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-199324000-00005"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/article.aspx?articleID=174007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T06:11:43Z","timestamp":1722406303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}}}