{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:40:01Z","timestamp":1791999601379,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:21:35Z","timestamp":1034360495000},"page":"788-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Nicaraguan Adolescents After Hurricane Mitch"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Armen K.","family":"Goenjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn A.","family":"Fairbanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haig A.","family":"Goenjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Pynoos,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1585CHDICDIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shannon MP, Lonigan CJ, Finch AJ Jr, Taylor CM: Children exposed to disaster, I: epidemiology of post-traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994; 33:80\u201393","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199401000-00012"},{"key":"R1585CHDBHEBB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belter RW, Dunn SE, Jeney P: The psychological impact of Hurricane Hugo on children: a needs assessment. Advances in Behaviour Res and Therapy 1991; 13:155\u2013161","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(91)90003-S"},{"key":"R1585CHDIJDFD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrison CZ, Weinrich MW, Hardin SB, Weinrich S, Wang L: Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents after a hurricane. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138:522\u2013530","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116886"},{"key":"R1585CHDIAGBA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernberg EM, La Greca AM, Silverman WK, Prinstein MJ: Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew. J Abnorm Psychol 1996; 105:237\u2013248","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843X.105.2.237"},{"key":"R1585CHDHCBAB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrison CZ, Bryant ES, Addy CL, Spurrier PG, Freedy JR, Kilpatrick DG: Posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents after Hurricane Andrew. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:1193\u20131201","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00017"},{"key":"R1585CHDJHEJE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw JA, Applegate B, Tanner S, Perez D, Rothe E, Campo-Bowen AE, Lahey BL: Psychological effects of Hurricane Andrew on an elementary school population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:1185\u20131192","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00016"},{"key":"R1585CHDEEDAI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Greca AM, Silverman WK, Vernberg EM, Prinstein MJ: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: a prospective study. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64:712\u2013723","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.64.4.712"},{"key":"R1585CHDGACGA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw JA, Applegate B, Schorr C: Twenty-one-month follow-up study of school-age children exposed to Hurricane Andrew. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35:359\u2013364","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199603000-00018"},{"key":"R1585CHDGGEHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goenjian A, Pynoos RS, Steinberg AM, Najarian LM, Asarnow JR, Karayan I, Ghurabi M, Fairbanks LA: Psychiatric co-morbidity in children after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:1174\u20131184","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00015"},{"key":"R1585CHDDAAEG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goenjian AK, Karayan I, Pynoos RS, Minassian D, Najarian LM, Steinberg AM, Fairbanks LA: Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:536\u2013542","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.4.536"},{"key":"R1585CHDGBCEB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nader K, Pynoos RS, Fairbanks L, Frederick C: Children\u2019s PTSD reactions one year after a sniper attack at their school. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:1526\u20131530","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.11.1526"},{"key":"R1585CHDJHEAA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pynoos RS, Goenjian AK, Karakashian M, Tashjian M, Manjikian R, Manoukian G, Steinberg AM, Fairbanks LA: Posttraumatic stress reactions in children after the 1988 Armenian earthquake. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163:339\u2013247","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.2.239"},{"key":"R1585CHDJFDDI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asarnow JR, Carlson GA: Depression Self-Rating Scale: utility with child psychiatric inpatients. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985; 53:491\u2013499","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.53.4.491"},{"key":"R1585CHDCIGGC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yule W, Udwin O: Screening child survivors for post-traumatic stress disorders: experiences from the \u201cJupiter\u201d sinking. Br J Clin Psychol 1991; 30:131\u2013138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00928.x"},{"key":"R1585CHDCJFFI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose DS: A model for psychodynamic psychotherapy with the rape victim. Psychotherapy 1991; 28:85\u201395","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.28.1.85"},{"key":"R1585CHDIBGEI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najarian LM, Goenjian AK, Pelcovitz D, Mandel F, Najarian B: Relocation after a disaster: posttraumatic stress disorder in Armenia after the earthquake. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35:374\u2013383","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199603000-00020"},{"key":"R1585CHDCFEID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engdahl BE, Speed N, Eberly RE, Schwartz J: Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and personality profiles of American World War II prisoners of war. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179:181\u2013187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199104000-00001"},{"key":"R1585CHDCGDIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North CS, Smith EM, Spitznagel EL: One-year follow-up of survivors of a mass shooting. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1696\u20131702","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1696"},{"key":"R1585CHDBEGBH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weller RA, Weller EB, Fristad MA, Bowes JM: Depression in recently bereaved prepubertal children. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1536\u20131540","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.11.1536"},{"key":"R1585CHDJDHGJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Eerdewegh MM, Bieri MD, Parilla RH, Clayton PJ: The bereaved child. Br J Psychiatry 1982; 140:23\u201329","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.1.23"},{"key":"R1585CHDGFEGI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costello EJ: Developments in child psychiatric epidemiology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989; 28:836\u2013841","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198911000-00004"},{"key":"R1585CHDIDAEB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner AW, Wolfe J, Rotintsky A, Proctor SP, Erickson DJ: An investigation of the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on physical health. J Trauma Stress 2000; 13:41\u201355","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007716813407"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFarlane AC, Policansky SK, Irwin C: A longitudinal study of the psychological morbidity in children due to a natural disaster. Psychosom Med 1987; 17:727\u2013738","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025964"},{"key":"R1585CHDHEBHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goenjian A, Stillwell BM, Steinberg AM, Fairbanks LA, Galvin MR, Karayan I, Pynoos RS: Moral development and psychological interference in conscience functioning among adolescents after trauma. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:376\u2013384","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199904000-00009"},{"key":"R1585CHDDDADB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pynoos RS, Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM: A public mental health approach to the post-disaster treatment of children and adolescents. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1998; 7:195\u2013210","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30268-2"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:20:39Z","timestamp":1721866839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]}}}