{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:49:08Z","timestamp":1791179348039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,29]],"date-time":"2004-11-29T21:58:29Z","timestamp":1101765509000},"page":"2186-2193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Impaired GABA Neuronal Response to Acute Benzodiazepine Administration in Panic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Goddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme F.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralitza","family":"Gueorguieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Behar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R16112BABBJJHH","unstructured":"Kaneko K, Obata K: An increase in excitatory synaptic transmission in the lateral amygdala of adult GAD65 knockout mice. Abstr Soc Neurosci 2000; 30:1392"},{"key":"R16112BABHHCIG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stork O, Ji FY, Kaneko K, Stork S, Yoshinobu Y, Moriya T, Shibata S, Obata K: Postnatal development of a GABA deficit and disturbance of neural functions in mice lacking GAD65. Brain Res 2000; 865:45\u201358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02206-X"},{"key":"R16112BABJJGGI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kash SF, Tecott LH, Hodges C, Baekkeskov S: Increased anxiety and altered responses to anxiolytics in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:1698\u20131703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1698"},{"key":"R16112BABHDBAD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunther U, Benson J, Benke D, Fritschy JM, Reyes G, Knoflach F, Crestani F, Aguzzi A, Arigoni M, Lang Y, et al: Benzodiazepine-insensitive mice generated by targeted disruption of the gamma 2 subunit gene of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:7749\u20137753","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7749"},{"key":"R16112BABBFCJF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crestani F, Lorez M, Baer K, Essrich C, Benke D, Laurent JP, Belzung C, Fritschy JM, Luscher B, Mohler H: Decreased GABAA\u2013receptor clustering results in enhanced anxiety and a bias for threat cues. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2:833\u2013839","DOI":"10.1038\/12207"},{"key":"R16112BABEBCJC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shekhar A, Keim SR, Simon JR, McBride WJ: Dorsomedial hypothalamic GABA dysfunction produces physiological arousal following sodium lactate infusions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 55:249\u2013256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00077-9"},{"key":"R16112BABBIEED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stork O, Ji FY, Obata K: Reduction of extracellular GABA in the mouse amygdala during and following confrontation with a conditioned fear stimulus. Neurosci Lett 2002; 327:138\u2013142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00387-7"},{"key":"R16112BABCEBAJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berretta S, Munno DW, Benes FM: Amygdalar activation alters the hippocampal GABA system: \u201cpartial\u201d modelling for postmortem changes in schizophrenia. J Comp Neurol 2001; 431:129\u2013138","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010305)431:2<129::AID-CNE1060>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"R16112BABHGDFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goddard AW, Mason GF, Almai A, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Petroff OAC, Charney DS, Krystal JH: Reductions in occipital cortex GABA levels in panic disorder detected with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:556\u2013561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.556"},{"key":"R16112BABBEGAF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waagepetersen HS, Sonnewald U, Schousboe A: The GABA paradox: multiple roles as metabolite, neurotransmitter, and neurodifferentiative agent. J Neurochem 1999; 73:1335\u20131342","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0731335.x"},{"key":"R16112BABBCFGJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlegel S, Steinert H, Bockisch A, Hahn K, Schloesser R, Benkert O: Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder measured by IOMAZENIL-SPECT: a preliminary report. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 244:49\u201351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279812"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaschka W, Feistel H, Ebert D: Reduced benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorders measured by iomazenil SPECT. J Psychiatr Res 1995; 29:427\u2013434","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(95)00019-2"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuikka JT, Pitkanen A, Lepola U, Partanen K, Vainio P, Bergstrom KA, Wieler HJ, Kaiser KP, Mittelbach L, Koponen H, et al: Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex in patients with panic disorder. Nucl Med Commun 1995; 16:273\u2013280","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199504000-00159"},{"key":"R16112BABBCIDB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malizia AL, Cunningham VJ, Bell CJ, Liddle PF, Jones T, Nutt DJ: Decreased brain GABA (A)-benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder: preliminary results from a quantitative PET study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:715\u2013720","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.8.715"},{"key":"R16112BABDEACG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bremner JD, Innis RB, White T, Fujita M, Sibersweig D, Goddard AW, Staib L, Stern E, Cappiello A, Woods S, Baldwin R, Charney DS: SPECT [I-123]iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:96\u2013106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00188-2"},{"key":"R16112BABIJAIE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy-Byrne PP, Cowley DS, Hommer D, Greenblatt DJ, Kramer GL, Petty F: Effect of acute and chronic benzodiazepines on plasma GABA in anxious patients and controls. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1992; 109:152\u2013156","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245493"},{"key":"R16112BABFCHGA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason GF, Martin DL, Martin SB, Manor D, Sibson NR, Patel A, Rothman DL, Behar KL: Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD67 protein. Brain Res 2001; 914:81\u201391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02778-0"},{"key":"R16112BABDJHDH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheikh S, Martin DL: Elevation of brain GABA levels with vigabatrin differentially affects GAD65 and GAD67 expression in various regions of rat brain. J Neurosci Res 1998; 52:736\u2013741","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980615)52:6<736::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"R16112BABIEGAH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izzo E, Auta J, Impagnatiello F, Pesold C, Guidotti A, Costa E: Glutamic acid decarboxylase and glutamate receptor changes during tolerance and dependence to benzodiazepines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:3483\u20133488","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051628698"},{"key":"R16112BABIHFBJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goddard AW, Narayan M, Woods SW, Germine M, Kramer GL, Davis LL, Petty F: Plasma levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 1996; 63:223\u2013225","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(96)02963-0"},{"key":"R16112BABBGEBB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanacora G, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Hyder F, Petroff OA, Berman RM, Charney DS, Krystal JH: Reduced cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in depressed patients determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:1043\u20131047","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.11.1043"},{"key":"R16112BABCIFBA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behar KL, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Hooten M, Delaney R, Petroff OAC, Shulman GI, Navarro V, Petrakis IL, Charney DS, Krystal JH: Preliminary evidence of low cortical GABA levels in localized 1H-MR spectra of alcohol-dependent and hepatic encephalopathy patients. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:952\u2013954","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.952"},{"key":"R16112BABGEGEH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ke Y, Cohen BM, Bang JY, Yang M, Renshaw PF: Assessment of GABA concentration in human brain using two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2000; 100:169\u2013178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(00)00075-5"},{"key":"R16112BABHHAAF","unstructured":"Wang PW, Dieckmann N, Sailasuta N, Adalsteinsson E, Spielman D, Ketter TA:3\u2013T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements of prefrontal cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in bipolar disorder patients and healthy volunteers, in Abstracts of the 57th Annual Convention of the Society for Biological Psychiatry. Jacksonville, Fla, SOBP, 2002, p 197S"},{"key":"R16112BABCICHE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothman DL, Petroff OAC, Behar KL, Mattson RH: Localized 1H NMR measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human brain in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:5662\u20135666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.12.5662"},{"key":"R16112BABJEEEE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petroff OAC, Rothman DL: Measuring human brain GABA in vivo. Mol Neurobiol 1998; 16:97\u2013121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740605"},{"key":"R16112BABFABBJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J, Rycyna RE, Rothman DL: Improvements on an in vivo automatic shimming method (FASTERMAP). Magn Reson Med 1997; 38:834\u2013839","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380521"},{"key":"R16112BABBDBAE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behar KL, Ogino T: Characterization of macromolecule resonances in the 1H-NMR spectrum of rat brain. Magn Reson Med 1993; 30:38\u201344","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300107"},{"key":"R16112BABBJFBJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann L, Slotboom J, Boesch C, Kreis R: Characterization of macromolecular baseline in localized (1)H-MR spectra of human brain. Magn Reson Med 2001; 46:855\u2013863","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1269.abs"},{"key":"R16112BABHGFGE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petroff OAC, Spencer DD, Alger JR, Prichard JW: High-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human cerebrum obtained during surgery for epilepsy. Neurology 1989; 39:1197\u20131202","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1197"},{"key":"R16112BABIBJDA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang XD: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of clonazepam in children with epilepsy treated with valproate: a preliminary study. Ther Drug Monit 2002; 24:532\u2013536","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200208000-00012"},{"key":"R16112BABJHBHJ","unstructured":"Chauhan BL, Sane SP, Revankar SN, Rammamurthy L, Doshi B, Bhatt AD, Bhate VR, Kulkarni RD: Comparative bioavailability study of clonazepam after oral administration of two tablet formulations. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:985\u2013987"},{"key":"R16112BABDBJAJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battaglioli G, Martin DL: Glutamine stimulates \u03b3-aminobutyric acid synthesis in synaptosomes but other putative astrocyte-to-neuron shuttle substrates do not. Neurosci Lett 1996; 209:129\u2013133","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12606-9"},{"key":"R16112BABHCBBC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthew E, Andreason P, Pettigrew K, Carson RE, Herscovitch P, Cohen R, King C, Johanson CE, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM: Benzodiazepine receptors mediate regional blood flow changes in the living human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:2775\u20132779","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2775"},{"key":"R16112BABCEDAJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel AB, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Behar KL: Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition. Brain Res 2001; 919:207\u2013220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03015-3"},{"key":"R16112BABFDCBD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla P, Stanley JA, Nicoletti M, Harenski K, Wells KF, Mallinger AG, Keshavan MS, Soares JC: 1H MRS brain measures and acute lorazepam administration in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 26:546\u2013551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00388-8"},{"key":"R16112BABJAFED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibson NR, Dhankhar A, Mason GF, Behar KL, Rothman DL, Shulman RG: In vivo 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate-glutamine cycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:2699\u20132704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.6.2699"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J, Petersen KF, Behar KL, Brown P, Nixon TW, Mason GF, Petroff OA, Shulman GI, Shulman RG, Rothman DL: Determination of the rate of the glutamate\/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:8235\u20138240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8235"},{"key":"R16112BABEFJJB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebon V, Petersen KF, Cline GW, Shen J, Mason GF, Dufour S, Behar KL, Shulman GI, Rothman DL: Astroglial contribution to brain energy metabolism in humans revealed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: elucidation of the dominant pathway for neurotransmitter glutamate repletion and measurement of astrocytic oxidative metabolism. J Neurosci 2002; 22:1523\u20131531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01523.2002"},{"key":"R16112BABDJGEA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uwe R, Crestani F, Mohler H: GABAA receptor subtypes: dissecting their pharmacological functions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001; 22:188\u2013194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01646-1"},{"key":"R16112BABFJDHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanacora G, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Krystal JH: Increased occipital cortex GABA concentrations in depressed patients after therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:663\u2013665","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.663"},{"key":"R16112BABFFBJA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boshuisen ML, Ter Horst GJ, Paans AM, Reinders AA, den Boer JA: rCBF differences between panic disorder patients and control subjects during anticipatory anxiety and rest. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:126\u2013135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01355-0"},{"key":"R16112BABGFAFA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goddard AW, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Petroff OAC, Krystal JH: Family psychopathology and magnitude of reductions in occipital cortex GABA levels in panic disorder (letter). Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:639\u2013640","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300374"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:49:20Z","timestamp":1721868560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]}}}