{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:18:00Z","timestamp":1793945880342,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]],"date-time":"2004-07-30T18:02:56Z","timestamp":1091210576000},"page":"1447-1454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Correlates of 1-Year Prospective Outcome in Bipolar Disorder: Results From the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Willem A.","family":"Nolen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Luckenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori L.","family":"Altshuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trisha","family":"Suppes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph W.","family":"Kupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul E.","family":"Keck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele S.","family":"Leverich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1618CHDHBGHD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Grossman LS: Course and outcome in bipolar affective disorder: a longitudinal follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:379\u2013384","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.3.379"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitlin MJ, Swendsen J, Heller TL, Hammen C: Relapse and impairment in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1635\u20131640","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.11.1635"},{"key":"R1618CHDGCDAF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson EE, Disney ER, Ali SO, Leverich GS, Post RM: Comparative prophylactic efficacy of lithium, carbamazepine, and the combination in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58:470\u2013478","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n1102"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maj M, Pirozzi R, Magliano L, Bartoli L: Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar disorder: a 5-year prospective study of 402 patients at a lithium clinic. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:30\u201335","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.30"},{"key":"R1618CHDGBDFD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licht RW, Vestergaard P, Rasmussen NA, Jepsen K, Brodersen A, Hansen PE: A lithium clinic for bipolar patients: 2-year outcome of the first 148 patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 104:387\u2013390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00389.x"},{"key":"R1618CHDBFJIG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, Schochlin C, Schmidt S, Engel RR, Czernik A, Giedke H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Osterheider M, Rudolf GA, Sauer H, Tegeler J, Wetterling T: Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders\u2014a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997; 43:151\u2013161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)01427-9"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, Gyulai L, Wassef A, Petty F, Pope HG Jr, Chou JC, Keck PE Jr, Rhodes LJ, Swann AC, Hirschfeld RM, Wozniak PJ (Divalproex Maintenance Study Group): A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:481\u2013489"},{"key":"R1618CHDIDDAJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartong EGTM, Moleman P, Hoogduin CAL, Broekman TG, Nolen WA (LitCar Group): Prophylactic efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine in treatment-naive bipolar patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:144\u2013151","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0206"},{"key":"R1618CHDDGCCA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy-Byrne P, Post RM, Uhde TW, Porcu T, Davis D: The longitudinal course of recurrent affective illness: life chart data from research patients at the NIMH. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1985; 317:1\u201334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb10510.x"},{"key":"R1618CHDCBCGC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robb JC, Young LT, Cooke RG, Joffe RT: Gender differences in patients with bipolar disorder influence outcome in the Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-20) subscale scores. J Affect Disord 1998; 49:189\u2013193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00003-2"},{"key":"R1618CHDDGIIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coryell W, Endicott J, Keller M: Rapidly cycling affective disorder: demographics, diagnosis, family history, and course. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:126\u2013131","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820020046006"},{"key":"R1618CHDJCCBH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai SM, Chen C, Kuo C, Lee J, Lee H, Strakowski SM: 15-year outcome of treated bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2001; 63:215\u2013220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00163-4"},{"key":"R1618CHDGABDF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meeks S: Bipolar disorder in the latter half of life: symptom presentation, global functioning and age of onset. J Affect Disord 1999; 52:161\u2013167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00069-X"},{"key":"R1618CHDCGBAI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coryell W, Keller M, Endicott J, Andreasen N, Clayton P, Hirschfeld R: Bipolar II illness: course and outcome over a five-year period. Psychol Med 1989; 19:129\u2013141","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011090"},{"key":"R1618CHDCACJB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell RA, Mayo JA, Flatow L, Cuthbertson B, O\u2019Brien BE: Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159:123\u2013129","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.123"},{"key":"R1618CHDIAIGF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turvey CL, Coryell WH, Solomon DA, Leon AC, Endicott J, Keller MB, Akiskal H: Long-term prognosis of bipolar I disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 99:110\u2013119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07208.x"},{"key":"R1618CHDEBJBF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winokur G, Coryell W, Akiskal HS, Endicott J, Keller M, Mueller T: Manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder: the course in light of a prospective ten-year follow-up of 131 patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 89:102\u2013110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01495.x"},{"key":"R1618CHDEHHAF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strakowski SM, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, West SA, Sax KW, Hawkins JM, Kmetz GF, Upadhyaya VH, Tugrul KC, Bourne ML: Twelve-month outcome after a first hospitalization for affective psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:49\u201355","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.1.49"},{"key":"R1618CHDGIIEE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson SL, Miller I: Negative life events and time to recovery from episodes of bipolar disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1997; 106:449\u2013457","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843X.106.3.449"},{"key":"R1618CHDCIDDB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M, Brown G, Jamison K: Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:1194\u20131198","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.9.1194"},{"key":"R1618CHDGJBFJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post RM, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, Suppes TM, Rush AJ, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Luckenbaugh DA, Pollio C, Kupka R, Nolen WA: Morbidity in 258 bipolar outpatients followed for 1 year with daily prospective ratings on the NIMH life chart method. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:680\u2013690","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0610"},{"key":"R1618CHDFGFGG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leverich GS, Nolen WA, Rush AJ, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Denicoff KD, Suppes T, Altshuler LL, Kupka R, Kramlinger KG, Post RM: The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network, I: longitudinal methodology. J Affect Disord 2001; 76:33\u201344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00430-X"},{"key":"R1618CHDJCEAD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Nolen WA, Kupka RW, Leverich GS, Rochussen JR, Rush AJ, Post RM: Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:420\u2013426","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.3.420"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leverich GS, McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Denicoff KD, Nolen WA, Altshuler LL, Rush AJ, Kupka R, Frye M, Autio R, Post RM: Early physical or sexual abuse and the course of bipolar illness. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:288\u2013297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01239-2"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suppes T, Leverich GS, Keck PE, Nolen WA, Denicoff KD, Altshuler LL, McElroy SL, Rush AJ, Kupka R, Frye MA, Bickel M, Post RM: The Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network, II: demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients. J Affect Disord 2001; 67:45\u201354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00432-3"},{"key":"R1618CHDIHEIC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frye MA, Altshuler LL, McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Denicoff K, Nolen WA, Kupka R, Leverich GS, Pollio C, Grunze H, Walden Post RM: Gender differences in prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160:883\u2013889","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.883"},{"key":"R1618CHDDHDIG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Nolen WA, Rush AJ, McElroy SL, Keck PE, Suppes T, Altshuler LL, Kupka R, Frye MA, Hatef J, Brotman MA, Post RM: Validation of the prospective NIMH-Life-Chart Method (NIMH-LCM-p) for longitudinal assessment of bipolar illness. Psychol Med 2000; 30:1391\u20131397","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002810"},{"key":"R1618CHDGFJFG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson EE, Disney ER, Suddath RL, Leverich GS, Post RM: Preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the prospective life-chart methodology (LCM-p). J Psychiatr Res 1997; 31:593\u2013603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(96)00027-1"},{"key":"R1618CHDEIECE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meaden PM, Daniels RE, Zajecka J: Construct validity of life chart functioning scales for use in naturalistic studies of bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2000; 34:187\u2013192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00008-X"},{"key":"R1618CHDJCJCD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochberg Y: A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 1988; 75:800\u2013802","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.4.800"},{"key":"R1618CHDIHDCC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strakowski SM, DelBello MP, Fleck DE, Arndt S: The impact of substance abuse on the course of bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48:477\u2013485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00900-8"},{"key":"R1618CHDIHGIA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perlick DA, Rosenheck RR, Clarkin JF, Raue P, Sirey J: Impact of family burden and patient symptom status on clinical outcome in bipolar affective disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001; 189:31\u201337","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200101000-00006"},{"key":"R1618CHDDAJAA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, West SA, Sax KW, Hawkins JM, Bourne ML, Haggard P: 12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:646\u2013652","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.646"},{"key":"R1618CHDDGEAE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post RM, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Dunn RT, Osuch EA, Speer AM, Obrocea G, Jajodia K: Emerging trends in the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a selected review. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2:305\u2013315","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2000.020403.x"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachs GS, Thase ME: Bipolar disorder therapeutics: maintenance treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48:573\u2013581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00991-4"},{"key":"R1618CHDBBHCH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strakowski SM, DelBello MP, Adler CM: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of drug treatments for bipolar disorder. CNS Drugs 2001; 15:701\u2013718","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115090-00004"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T19:39:01Z","timestamp":1722368341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}}}