{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:12:51Z","timestamp":1792293171782,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T19:43:11Z","timestamp":1141328591000},"page":"521-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":463,"title":["Association of Schizophrenia and Autoimmune Diseases: Linkage of Danish National Registers"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"William W.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majella","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Mors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esben","family":"Agerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben Bo","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R1633CJHGHHBA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose NR: The role of infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Semin Immunol 1998; 10:5\u201313","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0100"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLisi LE, Weber RJ, Pert CB: Are there antibodies against brain in sera from schizophrenic patients? review and prospectus. Biol Psychiatry 1985; 20:110\u2013115","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(85)90145-3"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirch DG: Infection and autoimmunity as etiologic factors in schizophrenia: a review and reappraisal. Schizophr Bull 1993; 19:355\u2013370","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/19.2.355"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright P, Murray RM: Schizophrenia: prenatal influenza and autoimmunity. Ann Med 1993; 25:497\u2013502","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899309147318"},{"key":"R1633CJHGHBAC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, Mittleman B, Allen AJ, Perlmutter S, Dow S, Zamkoff J, Dubbert BK, Lougee L: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:264\u2013271; correction, 155:578","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264"},{"key":"R1633CJHCIHBH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganguli R, Brar JS, Chengappa KN, Yang ZW, Nimgaonkar VL, Rabin BS: Autoimmunity in schizophrenia: a review of recent findings. Ann Med 1993; 25:489\u2013496","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899309147317"},{"key":"R1633CJHEFBFG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li T, Underhill J, Liu XH, Sham PC, Donaldson P, Murray RM, Wright P, Collier DA: Transmission disequilibrium analysis of HLA class II DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 polymorphisms in schizophrenia using family trios from a Han Chinese population. Schizophr Res 2001; 49:73\u201378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00111-0"},{"key":"R1633CJHJDGHD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright P, Donaldson PT, Underhill JA, Choudhuri K, Doherty DG, Murray RM: Genetic association of the HLA DRB1 gene locus on chromosome 6p21.3 with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:1530\u20131533","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.12.1530"},{"key":"R1633CJHIGHAB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chengappa KN, Nimgaonkar VL, Bachert C, Yang ZW, Rabin BS, Ganguli R: Obstetric complications and autoantibodies in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 92:270\u2013273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09582.x"},{"key":"R1633CJHCIEIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright P, Gill M, Murray RM: Schizophrenia: genetics and the maternal immune response to viral infection. Am J Med Genet 1993; 48:40\u201346","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320480110"},{"key":"R1633CJHCGGIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eaton WW, Hayward C, Ram R: Schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Schizophr Res 1992; 6:181\u2013192","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90001-L"},{"key":"R1633CJHCBDAA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilvarry CM, Sham PC, Jones PB, Cannon M, Wright P, Lewis SW, Bebbington P, Toone BK, Murray RM: Family history of autoimmune diseases in psychosis. Schizophr Res 1996; 19:33\u201340","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00045-3"},{"key":"R1633CJHIBHIA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLisi LE, Boccio AM, Riordan H, Hoff AL, Dorfman A, McClelland J, Kushner M, Van Eyl O, Oden N: Familial thyroid disease and delayed language development in first admission patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1991; 38:39\u201350","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90051-P"},{"key":"R1633CJHBEJAJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eaton W, Mortensen PB, Agerbo E, Byrne M, Mors O, Ewald H: Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: population based case control study with linkage of Danish national registers. BMJ 2004; 328:438\u2013439","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7437.438"},{"key":"R1633CJHCIAHE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munk-Jorgensen P, Kastrup M, Mortensen PB: The Danish Psychiatric Register as a tool in epidemiology. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1993; 370:27\u201332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05358.x"},{"key":"R1633CJHJBFFG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortensen PB, Cantor-Graae E, McNeil TF: Increased rates of schizophrenia among immigrants: some methodological concerns raised by Danish findings. Psychol Med 1997; 27:813\u2013820","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797004741"},{"key":"R1633CJHFFIEF","unstructured":"Andersen TF, Madsen M, Jorgensen J, Mellemkjoer L, Olsen JH: The Danish National Hospital Register: a valuable source of data for modern health sciences. Dan Med Bull 1999; 46:263\u2013268"},{"key":"R1633CJHBAEHA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne M, Agerbo E, Ewald H, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB: Parental age and risk of schizophrenia: a case-control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:673\u2013678","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.673"},{"key":"R1633CJHHBACI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, Wohlfahrt J, Ewald H, Mors O, Andersen PK, Melbye M: Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:603\u2013608","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902253400803"},{"key":"R1633CJHBHIJC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graff H, Handford A: Celiac syndrome in the case histories of five schizophrenics. Psychiatr Q 1961; 35:306\u2013313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01566581"},{"key":"R1633CJHGGBDD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrell RJ, Kelly CP: Celiac sprue. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:180\u2013188","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010852"},{"key":"R1633CJHGBDEJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadjivassiliou M, Grunewald RA, Davies-Jones GA: Gluten sensitivity as a neurological illness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:560\u2013563","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.5.560"},{"key":"R1633CJHECIAJ","unstructured":"Dohan FC: Hypothesis: genes and neuroactive peptides from food as cause of schizophrenia. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1980; 22:535\u2013548"},{"key":"R1633CJHGDGII","unstructured":"Dohan FC, Harper EH, Clark MH, Rodrigue RB, Zigas V: Is schizophrenia rare if grain is rare? Biol Psychiatry 1984; 19:385\u2013399"},{"key":"R1633CJHGAJGC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlissides DN, Venulet A, Jenner FA: A double-blind gluten-free\/gluten-load controlled trial in a secure ward population. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 148:447\u2013452","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.4.447"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Santis A, Addolorato G, Romito A, Caputo S, Giordano A, Gambassi G, Taranto C, Manna R, Gasbarrini G: Schizophrenic symptoms and SPECT abnormalities in a coeliac patient: regression after a gluten-free diet. J Intern Med 1997; 242:421\u2013423","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.00200.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dseplat-Jego S, Bernard D, Bagneres D, Frances Y: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly: let us not forget celiac disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51:884\u2013885","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51279.x"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Jansson B, Kristjansson E, Nilsson L: [Schizophrenic psychosis disappearing after patient is given gluten-free diet]. Lakartidningen 1984; 81:448\u2013449 (Swedish)"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dohan FC: Genetic hypothesis of idiopathic schizophrenia: its exorphin connection. Schizophr Bull 1988; 14:489\u2013494","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.4.489"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paroli E: Opioid peptides from food (the exorphins). World Rev Nutr Diet 1988; 55:58\u201397","DOI":"10.1159\/000415559"},{"key":"R1633CJHJEDIF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith RS: The GI T-lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia: some new observations. Med Hypotheses 1992; 37:27\u201330","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(92)90008-Z"},{"key":"R1633CJHGJGGI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbesino G, Chiovato L: The genetics of Hashimoto\u2019s disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2000; 29:357\u2013374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70136-5"},{"key":"R1633CJHJCAAA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weetman AP: Graves\u2019 disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1236\u20131248","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010263431707"},{"key":"R1633CJHCHDDC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spratt DI, Pont A, Miller MB, McDougall IR, Bayer MF, McLaughlin WT: Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders. Am J Med 1982; 73:41\u201348","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90922-6"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othman SS, Abdul Kadir K, Hassan J, Hong GK, Singh BB, Raman N: High prevalence of thyroid function test abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1994; 28:620\u2013624","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679409080785"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner A, Pietzcker A, Gaebel W: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2000; 44:233\u2013243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00187-5"},{"key":"R1633CJHGFGHJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degner D, Meller J, Bleich S, Schlautmann V, Ruther E: Affective disorders associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001; 13:532\u2013533","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.4.532"},{"key":"R1633CJHCDDIE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacSweeney D, Timms P, Johnson A: Thryo-endocrine pathology, obstetric morbidity and schizophrenia: survey of a hundred families with a schizophrenic proband. Psychol Med 1978; 8:151\u2013155","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700006735"},{"key":"R1633CJHHHFJG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright P, Sham PC, Gilvarry CM, Jones PB, Cannon M, Sharma T, Murray RM: Autoimmune diseases in the pedigrees of schizophrenic and control subjects. Schizophr Res 1996; 20:261\u2013267","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(96)82950-1"},{"key":"R1633CJHCAIGB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gehrs BC, Friedberg RC: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Am J Hematol 2002; 69:258\u2013271","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10062"},{"key":"R1633CJHJGIJF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons CL: Interstitial cystitis: epidemiology and clinical presentation. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2002; 45:242\u2013249","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00025"},{"key":"R1633CJHEHAFA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusek JW, Nyberg LM: The epidemiology of interstitial cystitis: is it time to expand our definition? Urology 2001; 57:95\u201399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01141-4"},{"key":"R1633CJHCHCAC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weissman MM, Gross R, Fyer A, Heiman GA, Gameroff MJ, Hodge SE, Kaufman D, Kaplan SA, Wickramaratne PJ: Interstitial cystitis and panic disorder: a potential genetic syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:273\u2013279","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.273"},{"key":"R1633CJHFEFBG","unstructured":"Manthorpe R, Asmussen K, Oxholm P: Primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and disease activity. J Rheumatol Suppl 1997; 50:8\u201311"},{"key":"R1633CJHJFIBI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas E, Hay EM, Hajeer A, Silman AJ: Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence and impact. Br J Rheumatol 1998; 37:1069\u20131076","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.10.1069"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomsic M, Logar D, Grmek M, Perkovic T, Kveder T: Prevalence of Sjogren\u2019s syndrome in Slovenia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38:164\u2013170","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/38.2.164"},{"key":"R1633CJHBCIBA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowman SJ, Ibrahim GH, Holmes G, Hamburger J, Ainsworth JR: Estimating the prevalence among Caucasian women of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome in two general practices in Birmingham, UK. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 33:39\u201343","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310004676"},{"key":"R1633CJHFGECG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finney GO: Juvenile onset diabetes and schizophrenia? (letter). Lancet 1989; 2:1214\u20131215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91816-3"},{"key":"R1633CJHBBJGJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mors O, Mortensen PB, Ewald H: A population-based register study of the association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. Schizophr Res 1999; 40:67\u201374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00030-4"},{"key":"R1633CJHHHCFB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oken RJ, Schulzer M: At issue: schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis: the negative association revisited. Schizophr Bull 1999; 25:625\u2013638","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033407"},{"key":"R1633CJHDACFH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker KG, Barnes KC, Bright TJ, Wang SA: The Genetic Association Database. Nat Genet 2004; 36:431\u2013432","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0504-431"},{"key":"R1633CJHDCIBH","unstructured":"Hodgkin J: Seven types of pleiotropy. Int J Dev Biol 1998; 42:501\u2013505"},{"key":"R1633CJHBDFIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gough SC: The genetics of Graves\u2019 disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2000; 29:255\u2013266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70130-4"},{"key":"R1633CJHCFHED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simmonds MJ, Gough SC: Unravelling the genetic complexity of autoimmune thyroid disease: HLA, CTLA-4 and beyond. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:1\u201310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02424.x"},{"key":"R1633CJHDGJHE","unstructured":"Vaidya B, Imrie H, Perros P, Young ET, Kelly WF, Carr D, Large DM, Toft AD, McCarthy MI, Kendall-Taylor P, Pearce SH: The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 is a major Graves\u2019 disease locus. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:1195\u2013119"},{"key":"R1633CJHGCHEH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King AL, Ciclitira PJ: Celiac disease: strongly heritable, oligogenic, but genetically complex. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 71:70\u201375","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3067"},{"key":"R1633CJHJDHGD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clot F, Babron MC: Genetics of celiac disease. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 71:76\u201380","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3045"},{"key":"R1633CJHJIHHE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco L, Corazza G, Babron MC, Clot F, Fulchignoni-Lataud MC, Percopo S, Zavattari P, Bouguerra F, Dib C, Tosi R, Troncone R, Ventura A, Mantavoni W, Magazzu G, Gatti R, Lazzari R, Giunta A, Perri F, Iacono G, Cardi E, de Virgiliis S, Cataldo F, De Angelis G, Musumeci S, Clerget-Darpoux F, et al: Genome search in celiac disease. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:669\u2013675","DOI":"10.1086\/301754"},{"key":"R1633CJHGDBFE","unstructured":"Popat S, Bevan S, Braegger CP, Busch A, O\u2019Donoghue D, Falth-Magnusson K, Godkin A, Hogberg L, Holmes G, Hosie KB, Howdle PD, Jenkins H, Jewell D, Johnston S, Kennedy NP, Kumar P, Logan RF, Love AH, Marsh MN, Mulder CJ, Sjoberg K, Stenhammar L, Walker-Smith J, Houlston RS: Genome screening of coeliac disease. J Med Genet 2002; 39:328\u2013331"},{"key":"R1633CJHHJBAI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feighery C: Fortnightly review: coeliac disease. BMJ 1999; 319:236\u2013239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7204.236"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottenberg JE, Busson M, Loiseau P, Cohen-Solal J, Lepage V, Charron D, Sibilia J, Mariette X: In primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, HLA class II is associated exclusively with autoantibody production and spreading of the autoimmune response. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:2240\u20132245","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11103"},{"key":"R1633CJHDHADG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chused TM, Kassan SS, Opelz G, Moutsopoulos HM, Terasaki PI: Sjogren\u2019s syndrome association with HLA-Dw3. N Engl J Med 1977; 296:895\u2013897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704212961602"},{"key":"R1633CJHJDHII","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong F, McCombs CC, Olson JM, Elston RC, Stevens FM, McCarthy CF, Michalski JP: An autosomal screen for genes that predispose to celiac disease in the western counties of Ireland. Nat Genet 1996; 14:329\u2013333","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1196-329"},{"key":"R1633CJHECCDI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Straub RE, MacLean CJ, O\u2019Neill FA, Burke J, Murphy B, Duke F, Shinkwin R, Webb BT, Zhang J, Walsh D: A potential vulnerability locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p24-22: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Nat Genet 1995; 11:287\u2013293","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1195-287"},{"key":"R1633CJHIJHAA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naar AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, Abraham S, Solomon W, Tjian R: Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation. Nature 1999; 398:828\u2013832","DOI":"10.1038\/19789"},{"key":"R1633CJHDHDDD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLisi LE, Smith AB, Razi K, Stewart J, Wang Z, Sandhu HK, Philibert RA: Investigation of a candidate gene for schizophrenia on Xq13 previously associated with mental retardation and hypothyroidism. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96:398\u2013403","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20000612)96:3<398::AID-AJMG30>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"R1633CJHHFHDH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philibert RA, Sandhu HK, Hutton AM, Wang Z, Arndt S, Andreasen NC, Crowe R, Wassink TH: Population-based association analyses of the HOPA12bp polymorphism for schizophrenia and hypothyroidism. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:130\u2013134","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<130::AID-AJMG1076>3.3.CO;2-G"},{"key":"R1633CJHFAABG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joober R, Benkelfat C, Lal S, Bloom D, Labelle A, Lalonde P, Turecki G, Rozen R, Rouleau GA: Association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C\u2014>T missense mutation and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:323\u2013326","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000724"},{"key":"R1633CJHCIIIB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urano W, Taniguchi A, Yamanaka H, Tanaka E, Nakajima H, Matsuda Y, Akama H, Kitamura Y, Kamatani N: Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene were associated with both the efficacy and the toxicity of methotrexate used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as evidenced by single locus and haplotype analyses. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12:183\u2013190","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200204000-00002"},{"key":"R1633CJHCAHDJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meisenzahl EM, Rujescu D, Kirner A, Giegling I, Kathmann N, Leinsinger G, Maag K, Hegerl U, Hahn K, M\u00f6ller H-J: Association of an interleukin-1\u03b2 genetic polymorphism with altered brain structure in patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:1316\u20131319","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1316"},{"key":"R1633CJHHJHDC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genevay S, Di Giovine FS, Perneger TV, Silvestri T, Stingelin S, Duff G, Guerne PA: Association of interleukin-4 and interleukin-1\u03b2 gene variants with Larsen score progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 47:303\u2013309","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10394"},{"key":"R1633CJHGDFBF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun TY, Pae CU, Chae JH, Bahk WM, Kim KS, Han H: Polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene at position 49 of exon 1 may be associated with schizophrenia in the Korean population. Psychiatry Res 2002; 110:19\u201325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00031-8"},{"key":"R1633CJHGDFGJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiavetto LB, Boin F, Zanardini R, Popoli M, Michelato A, Bignotti S, Tura GB, Gennarelli M: Association between promoter polymorphic haplotypes of interleukin-10 gene and schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:480\u2013484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01324-5"},{"key":"R1633CJHHCBEB","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boin F, Zanardini R, Pioli R, Altamura CA, Maes M, Gennarelli M: Association between -G308A tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphism and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:79\u201382","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000815"},{"key":"R1633CJHEHJJH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafner H, an der Heiden W, Behrens S, Gattaz WF, Hambrecht M, Loffler W, Maurer K, Munk-Jorgensen P, Nowotny B, Riecher-Rossler A, Stein A: Causes and consequences of the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1998; 24:99\u2013113","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033317"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T16:25:31Z","timestamp":1722183931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]}}}