{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T12:08:25Z","timestamp":1793621305991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T03:33:32Z","timestamp":1480995212000},"page":"216-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1095,"title":["Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Oliver D.","family":"Howes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"McCutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; 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the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico J.M.","family":"van Beveren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Birnbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.P.","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; 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the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Citrome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; 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the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; 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the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Kinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; the Departments of Psychiatry and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Lawrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, and Hammersmith Hospital London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Section of Psychiatry and Treatment Resistant Psychosis and the Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples; 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