{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:54:31Z","timestamp":1785200071129,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T03:02:08Z","timestamp":1662519728000},"page":"73-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interplay of ADHD Polygenic Liability With Birth-Related, Somatic, and Psychosocial Factors in ADHD: A Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Isabell","family":"Brikell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Wimberley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Albi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarni J\u00f3hann","family":"Vilhj\u00e1lmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esben","family":"Agerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders D.","family":"B\u00f8rglum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditte","family":"Demontis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Schork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"LaBianca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Werge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Mors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben Bo","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liselotte Vogdrup","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Dalsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iPSYCH\u2013Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark (all authors); National Center for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Brikell, Wimberley, Albi\u00f1ana, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, Agerbo, Mortensen, Petersen, Dalsgaard); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Brikell); Center for Integrated Register-Based Research\u2013CIRRAU, Aarhus University,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0269-7"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000982"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000620"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30312-6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0578-3"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000966"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355439"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.01.019"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008185"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0774"},{"key":"B14","author":"Pingault J-B","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-020-09992-w"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01019-6"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.196"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0320-0"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.04.014"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.09.001"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62129-1"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3190"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"441","volume":"53","author":"Pedersen CB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0356-1"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"798","volume":"46","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811408483"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.120808"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.152"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09094"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"PCC.13r01600","volume":"16","author":"Ginsberg Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0296-x"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1672"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005765"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0020-3"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009590"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8757"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.006"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00271-0"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.06.024"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2019.05.005"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1645"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0753-2"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816650039"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204516"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054719865779"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6856"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3428"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0653-9"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.013"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32652"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.12.010"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5487"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30224-4"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1281-7"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01198-w"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.198"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01507-2019"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.011"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.05.025"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500831"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1056-1"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.11.003"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4654"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.11.013"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714543371"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.02.012"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073586"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.057"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247724"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100548"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-019-01055-0"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.016"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0691"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.06.006"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13159"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054719900232"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094939"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48403-x"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0499-1"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.05.010"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.020"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0109-2"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-019-09985-4"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14910"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T10:41:27Z","timestamp":1722163287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111105","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.08.18.21262211","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-953X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}