{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:56:50Z","timestamp":1790139410785,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psych Res and Clin Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder in which genetically susceptible individuals cannot digest gluten (wheat) and its homologs such as Scalin (rye) and Hordein (barley).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to investigate the measures of associations between CD and psychiatric disorders, specifically anxiety and depression, and explore the relationship between adherence to a Gluten\u2010Free Diet (GFD) and the psychiatric aspects of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles investigating anxiety and depression in CD patients. The following inclusion criteria were implemented: Primary research articles (either observational or experimental) that include participants with a CD diagnosis \u2010confirmed either serologically, with anti\u2010endomysial antibodies, anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase antibodies, or with duodenum biopsy, whether on a GFD or not,\u2014who have depression or anxiety symptoms identified through self\u2010report or clinician\u2010administered scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD patients are at a higher odds of developing anxiety, as the odds ratio was (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: [1.10, 4.67]) and depression symptoms (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: [1.36, 8.32]). Results of both State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory Y\u20101 and Y\u20102 improved after 1 year of GFD with mean difference of 3.48, 95% CI: (0.26, 6.71), and MD: 3.45, 95% CI: (1.39, 5.52), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety and depression are prevalent among adults and children CD patients as they are observed to have high odds of anxiety and depression as expressed by various scales. It is reported that GFD is associated with decreased levels of anxiety and depression, however, further studies are required to confirm these findings and to investigate the main mechanism of psychiatric disorders among CD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.prcp.20230076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:41:19Z","timestamp":1720784479000},"page":"124-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anxiety and Depression Among Adults and Children With Celiac Disease: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Different Psychiatry Scales"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mostafa Hossam\u2010Eldin","family":"Moawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia 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