{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:57:39Z","timestamp":1788890259140,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20240559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:01:48Z","timestamp":1750820508000},"page":"818-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Ketamine and Esketamine Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6860-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (Liu, Branning, Lee); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland (Branning, Gao); Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Kaelber); Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland (Kaelber); Department of Mind and Body Medicine, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital, Chengdu, China (Gao)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Branning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (Liu, Branning, Lee); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland (Branning, Gao); Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Kaelber); Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland (Kaelber); Department of Mind and Body Medicine, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital, Chengdu, China (Gao)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (Liu, Branning, Lee); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland (Branning, Gao); Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Kaelber); Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland (Kaelber); Department of Mind and Body Medicine, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital, Chengdu, China (Gao)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kaelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (Liu, Branning, Lee); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland (Branning, Gao); Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Kaelber); Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland (Kaelber); Department of Mind and Body Medicine, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital, Chengdu, China (Gao)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland (Liu, Branning, Lee); Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland (Branning, Gao); Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Kaelber); Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland (Kaelber); Department of Mind and Body Medicine, Sichuan Lansheng Brain Hospital, Chengdu, China (Gao)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-021-01040-7"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3860"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223255"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13699"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"23","volume":"58","author":"Thase ME","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S117146"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102127"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv124"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2302399"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21100972"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.10.1131"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.026"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000555"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.023"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2022.83.596"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.1944"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03033-4"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30462-4"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14563"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.04.025"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2009.01060.x"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003514"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.305"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304883"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.9907"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303155"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558716646898"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032895"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2015.0083"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2632"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs7030049"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400351"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0345-7"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.10.pss6210_1180"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1264"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500004"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900126"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.804195"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115581093"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20081251"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(99)90001-5"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704023"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.166"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.10.012"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.12.004"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"173","volume":"4","author":"Gao K","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Depress Anxiety"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T07:07:39Z","timestamp":1756710459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ps.20240559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ps.20240559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.20240559","relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-2730","1557-9700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-2730","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}