{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:17:46Z","timestamp":1778905066513,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20240587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:00:13Z","timestamp":1773288013000},"page":"434-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of Studies on the Diagnosis of Malingering: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Y.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Addiction Science, Prevention, and Treatment Research, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis."},{"name":"Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity and Equity, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tashalee R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5952-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Grzenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9839-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Mangurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Doering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Malaspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya E.","family":"Gabrielian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles."},{"name":"Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Hwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binx Yezhe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Alpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson M.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed, text rev. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2022","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Liability for diagnosing malingering","volume":"45","author":"Weiss KJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weiss KJ, Van Dell L: Liability for diagnosing malingering. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2017; 45:339\u2013347","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65672-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01035-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2029562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24732850.2020.1834834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24732850.2019.1603505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-021-09939-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity acquittees","volume":"23","author":"Gacono CB","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gacono CB, Meloy JR, Sheppard K, et al: A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity acquittees. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1995; 23:387\u2013397","journal-title":"Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2013.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Gender and malingering in defendants deemed incompetent to stand trial","volume":"49","author":"Nesbit-Bartsch AE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nesbit-Bartsch AE, McDermott BE, Warburton KD: Gender and malingering in defendants deemed incompetent to stand trial. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2021; 49:211\u2013218","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.9.998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00734-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2017.1350684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of rates of malingering in a forensic psychiatry practice","volume":"53","author":"Svete LJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Svete LJ, Tindell WW, McLouth CJ, et al: A retrospective analysis of rates of malingering in a forensic psychiatry practice. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2025; 53:26\u201334","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01499173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2025.101451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.110910"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:01:01Z","timestamp":1778904061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/appi.ps.20240587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/appi.ps.20240587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.20240587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-2730","1557-9700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-2730","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}