{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1792672253817,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Psychiatric Association Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.1.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T23:13:02Z","timestamp":1418857982000},"page":"50-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Psychotic Phenomenon in Probable Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1176","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Oscar L.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Received September 15, 1999; revised February 7, 2000; accepted March 31, 2000. From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (PET Facility), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Lopez, Neuropsychology Research Program, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 830, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenn","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Received September 15, 1999; revised February 7, 2000; accepted March 31, 2000. From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (PET Facility), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Lopez, Neuropsychology Research Program, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 830, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Received September 15, 1999; revised February 7, 2000; accepted March 31, 2000. From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (PET Facility), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Lopez, Neuropsychology Research Program, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 830, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn Cidis","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Received September 15, 1999; revised February 7, 2000; accepted March 31, 2000. From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (PET Facility), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Lopez, Neuropsychology Research Program, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 830, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven T.","family":"DeKosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Received September 15, 1999; revised February 7, 2000; accepted March 31, 2000. From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (PET Facility), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Lopez, Neuropsychology Research Program, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Suite 830, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"230","reference":[{"key":"R143851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wragg RE, Jeste DV: Overview of depression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:577\u2013587","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.5.577"},{"key":"R143852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns A, Jacoby R, Levy R: Psychiatric phenomena in Alzheimer's disease, I: disorders of thought content. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:72\u201376","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.1.72"},{"key":"R143853","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendez MF, Martin RJ, Smyth KA, et al: Psychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:28\u201333","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2.1.28"},{"key":"R143854","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drevets WC, Rubin EH: Psychotic symptoms and the longitudinal course of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 25:39\u201348","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90145-5"},{"key":"R143855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker JT, Boller F, Lopez OL, et al: The natural history of Alzheimer's disease: description of study cohort and accuracy of diagnosis. Arch Neurol 1994; 51:585\u2013594","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540180063015"},{"key":"R143856","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mega MS, Cummings JL, Fiorello T, et al: The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996; 46:130\u2013135","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.1.130"},{"key":"R143857","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy ML, Cummings JL, Fairbanks LA, et al: Longitudinal assessment of symptoms of depression, agitation, and psychosis in 181 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:1438\u20131443","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.11.1438"},{"key":"R143858","unstructured":"Bylsma FW, Folstein MF, Devanand DP, et al: Delusions and patterns of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1994; 7:98\u2013103"},{"key":"R143859","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn FG, Cummings JL, Gornbein J: Delusions in dementia syndromes: investigation of behavioral and neuropsychological correlates. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 3:364\u2013370","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.3.4.364"},{"key":"R1438511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez OL, Brenner RP, Becker JT, et al: EEG spectral abnormalities and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline in probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1997; 48:1521\u2013  1525","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1521"},{"key":"R1438512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stern Y, Albert M, Brandt J, et al: Utility of extrapyramidal signs and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline, nursing home admission, and death in Alzheimer's disease: prospective analyses from the Predictors Study. Neurology 1994; 44:2300\u20132307","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2300"},{"key":"R1438513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chui HC, Lyness SA, Sobel E, et al: Extrapyramidal signs and psychiatric symptoms predict faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1994; 51:676\u2013681","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540190056015"},{"key":"R1438514","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez OL, Becker JT, Brenner RP, et al: Alzheimer's disease with delusions and hallucinations: neuropsychological and electroencephalographic correlates. Neurology 1991; 41:906\u2013912","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.906"},{"key":"R1438515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortimer JA, Ebbitt B, Jun SP, et al: Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992; 42:1689\u20131696","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1689"},{"key":"R1438516","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starkstein SE, Vazquez S, Petracca G, et al: A SPECT study of delusions in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1994; 44:2055\u20132059","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2055"},{"key":"R1438517","unstructured":"Ponton MO, Darcourt J, Miller BL, et al: Psychometric and SPECT studies in Alzheimer's disease with and without delusions. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1995; 8:264\u2013270"},{"key":"R1438518","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staff RT, Shanks MF, Macintosh L, et al: Delusions in Alzheimer's disease: SPECT evidence of right hemisphere dysfunction. Cortex 1999; 35:549\u2013560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70818-9"},{"key":"R1438519","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotrla K, Chacko RC, Harper RG, et al: SPECT findings on psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1470\u2013 1475","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.10.1470"},{"key":"R1438520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haxby JV, Grady CL, Duara R, et al: Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's-type dementia. Arch Neurol 1986; 43:882\u2013885","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520090022010"},{"key":"R1438521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grady CL, Haxby JV, Schapiro MB, et al: Subgroups in dementia of the Alzheimer type identified using positron emission tomography. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:373\u2013384","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2.4.373"},{"key":"R1438522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultzer DL, Mahler ME, Mandelkern MA, et al: The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and regional cortical metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1995; 7:476\u2013484","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.7.4.476"},{"key":"R1438523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirono N, Mori E, Ishii K, et al: Alteration of regional cerebral glucose utilization with delusions in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10:433\u2013439","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.4.433"},{"key":"R1438524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch LH, Bylsma FW, Rovner BW, et al: Psychosis and physical aggression in probable Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1159\u20131163","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.9.1159"},{"key":"R1438525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Cummings JL, Yenner G, et al: Relationship of aggressive behavior to other neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:243\u2013 247","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.2.243"},{"key":"R1438526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotrla KJ, Chacko RC, Harper RG, et al: Clinical variables associated with psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1377\u20131379","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1377"},{"key":"R1438527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman DA, Folstein MF, et al: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984; 34:939\u2013944","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"R1438528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez OL, Larumbe MR, Becker JT, et al: Reliability of NINDS-AIREN criteria for vascular dementia. Neurology 1994; 44:1240\u2013 1245","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.7.1240"},{"key":"R1438529","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zihka E, et al: Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Arch Neurol 1975; 32:632\u2013637","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490510088009"},{"key":"R1438530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: \u201cMini-Mental State:\u201d a practical method grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Psychiatry Res 1975; 12:189\u2013198","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"R1438531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mezzich JE, Dow JT, Cottman GA: Developing an information system for a comprehensive psychiatric institute, I: principles, design, and organization. Behav Res Methods Instrument 1981; 13:459\u2013463","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202055"},{"key":"R1438533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quarles R, Mintun M, Larson K, et al: Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 13:733\u2013747","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.94"},{"key":"R1438536","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeste DV, Wragg RE, Salmon DP, et al: Cognitive deficits of patients with Alzheimer's disease with and without delusions. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:184\u2013189","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.2.184"},{"key":"R1438537","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zubenko GS, Moossey J, Martinez J: Neuropathologic and neurochemical correlates of psychosis in primary dementia. Arch Neurol 1991; 48:619\u2013624","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530180075020"},{"key":"R1438538","unstructured":"Lopez OL, Gonzalez MP, Becker JT, et al: Symptoms of depression and psychosis in frontal lobe dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1996; 9:154\u2013161"},{"key":"R1438539","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmer AA, Statman GC, Procter AW, et al: Possible neurotransmitter basis of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1988; 23:616\u2013620","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230616"},{"key":"R1438540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M: The association between quantitative measures of dementia and senile changes in the cerebral white matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968; 114:797\u2013811.40","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.512.797"},{"key":"R1438541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton M: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23:56\u201362","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"R1438542","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoehn M, Yahr M: Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17:427\u2013442","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/jnp.13.1.50","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T01:34:55Z","timestamp":1721871295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/10.1176\/jnp.13.1.50"}},"subtitle":["A Positron Emission Tomography Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1176\/jnp.13.1.50"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/jnp.13.1.50","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-0172","1545-7222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-0172","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-7222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}