{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:50:30Z","timestamp":1777409430027,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,11,1]],"date-time":"1988-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":594345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Before the end of 1988, 300,000 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are expected to have been reported worldwide since 1981. Three epidemiological patterns have emerged. One, in the Americas and Europe, is where transmission is primarily among homosexual men and intravenous drug users. In Africa, the virus primarily is spread heterosexually. A third pattern, in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe, is manifested by low prevalence but transmission through homosexual and heterosexual contact and contaminated needles. AIDS cases will increase in number dramatically over the next three years, with devastating social and economic consequences. Health-care systems and economic resources in large cities in the United States will be severely strained. African countries will lose many educated and economic leaders. Many Third World countries will have lower productivity and economic output. A global strategy is emerging to understand and control the spread of AIDS. To provide the commitment and leadership necessary to control AIDS in the rest of the world, the United States must first demonstrate a stronger moral conviction and societal will to control the disease in this country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716288500001007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,10]],"date-time":"2007-03-10T21:10:48Z","timestamp":1173561048000},"page":"91-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The United States and the International Control of AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"500","author":[{"given":"JAMES F.","family":"McTIGUE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"International Conference on AIDS Prevention","author":"Jonathan M. Mann"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"239","author":"Peter Piot","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"4. Ibid."},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"5. Jonathan M. Mann, Presentation to the President's AIDS Commission, Washington, DC, 18 April 1988."},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"6. Ibid."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"\u201cAIDS: An International Perspective.\u201d","author":"Piot"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"issue":"5","key":"atypb9","first-page":"278","volume":"317","author":"David D. Ho","year":"1988","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"234","author":"Thomas C. Quinn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"2","volume":"103","author":"Harold W. Jaffe","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"\u201cAIDS in New York City\u201d","author":"Stephen C. Joseph"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180503"},{"key":"atypb14","author":"James Brooke","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"545","author":"Thomas C. Quinn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"atypb16","author":"Anthony F. H. Britten","year":"1988","journal-title":"World Health Magazine"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"\u201cAIDS Patients in Public and Private Hospitals\u201d","author":"Greater New York Hospital Association"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"\u201cManpower Estimates\u201d","author":"David Axelrod"},{"key":"atypb19","author":"Bruce Lambert","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"239","author":"David E. Bloom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"\u201cNew Surge of AIDS in Congo.\u201d","author":"Brooke"},{"key":"atypb22","author":"Sholto Cross","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"\u201cW.H.O. Joins Third World AIDS Campaign.\u201d","author":"Lewis"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"\u201cNew Surge of AIDS in Congo.\u201d","author":"Brooke"},{"key":"atypb25","author":"Ernesto F. Betancourt","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"26. Hans Moerkerk, Presentation to World AIDS Summit, London, Nov. 1987."},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"27. World Health Organization, Press release, 1 Dec. 1987."}],"container-title":["The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0002716288500001007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0002716288500001007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:43:05Z","timestamp":1777372985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0002716288500001007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0002716288500001007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002716288500001007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7162","1552-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7162","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]}}}