{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:54:06Z","timestamp":1777427646980,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Am Psychoanal Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dyslexia is far more than a learning disorder; it has significant impact on personality organization. While dyslexia usually begins to manifest most clearly in early latency when the challenge of learning to read is at its height, often the dyslexic child's ego development and functioning has already been adversely affected. The literature from neuro-psychology suggests that dyslexia is a subtle language-processing disorder that affects emotional, cognitive, and social development. The neuroanatomical literature also suggests a significant correlation between the neurodevelopmental basis for dyslexia, the caregiving environment, and psychological development. These two bodies of literature and analytic observations of a dyslexic patient suggest that the dyslexic individual may haveaneurologicaldeficitthat increases vulnerability to overstimulation. The author hypothesizes that emotional and cognitive states result and reappear within the analytic encounter. This complicates clinical assessment and technical decisions. The author presents an analytic case and examines (1) the impact of deficit on the development of conflict; (2) the impact of the overwhelmed ego on the mastery of developmental tasks; and (3) the impact of dyslexia on dysgnosia, transference, and analytic process and technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00030651000480040101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]],"date-time":"2008-04-29T13:58:32Z","timestamp":1209477512000},"page":"1491-1520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Overstimulated State of Dyslexia: Perception, Knowledge, and Learning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Sydney W.","family":"Arkowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Center for Psychoanalytic Studies,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198707000-00022","volume":"26","author":"Aleksandrowicz, R.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"410","volume":"25","year":"1977","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60005-4"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"30","volume":"63","author":"Boesky, D.","year":"1981","journal-title":"International Journal of Psycho-Analysis"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306519504300107"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306519103900302"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 39th International Psychoanalytical Congress","author":"Fonagy, P."},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Enactments from an Intersubjective Standpoint","author":"Friedman, R."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07351698809533737"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1995.11927442"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306518603400203"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"The Use of the Self: Countertransference and Communication in the Analytic Situation","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1958.11823191"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306519204000307"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1984.11927084"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/10.3.47"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1983.11823413"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"665","volume":"75","author":"Levine, H.B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Psycho-Analysis"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199303000-00010","volume":"32","author":"London, W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Lourie, R.S. & Schwarzbeck, C. 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