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This patient's identification with a baby who had died before she was born was connected to her major complaint, a pervasive feeling that she could not act with intention, and to her obsessive ruminations, compulsive actions, and masochistic attacks on her body. The bodily based aspects and focus of these defenses were autistic-like, self-directed activities that can be understood as having their roots in what was experienced as catastrophic loss in the earliest weeks and months of life. Infant research, particularly on contingency detection, is especially useful in clarifying the ways in which these defenses may form, and in reconstructing and tracing the trajectories and intricate transformations of body ego, self- and other representations, and defenses from their earliest beginnings to their current manifestations in patients' fantasies and symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00030651050530031701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,21]],"date-time":"2008-05-21T15:39:12Z","timestamp":1211384352000},"page":"891-916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Playing Dead: An Unconscious Fantasy, Bodily Focused Defenses, and Their Roots in Infancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sally","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"307 Seventh Avenue, Suite 2203 New York, NY 10001,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10481889909539314","volume":"9","author":"Alvarez, A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic Dialogues"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1969.11926479"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Narcissistic States and the Therapeutic Process","author":"Bach, S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"The Language of Perversion and the Language of Love","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.21.6.963"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"470","volume":"44","author":"Balint, E.","year":"1963","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0736-9735.5.4.305"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079530"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Ours, Yours, Mine: Mutuality and the Emergence of the Separate Self","author":"Bergman, A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"484","volume":"49","author":"Bick, E.","year":"1968","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"311","volume":"60","author":"Broucek, F.","year":"1979","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129876"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"The narcissistic masochistic character","author":"Cooper, A.M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(81)80004-5"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166147"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130671"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"639","volume":"72","author":"Fonagy, P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1982.11927012"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Paper presented to the Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research","author":"Freedman, N."},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"213","volume":"12","author":"Freud, S.","year":"1911","journal-title":"Standard Edition"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"12","volume":"19","year":"1923","journal-title":"Standard Edition"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00030651000480040801"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.65.3.411.19853"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)00661-H"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"1181","volume":"77","author":"Watson, J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014 (1999). 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