{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:36:01Z","timestamp":1790861761362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Psychoanal Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A growing interest in the neuroscience of emotion regulation, particularly the subfield of implicit emotion regulation, brings new opportunity for the psychodynamic treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. At the same time, psychodynamic theorists have become more aware of the centrality of affects in mental life. This paper introduces a manualized psychodynamic approach called Regulation-Focused Dynamic Psychotherapy (RFP-C). Theoretically based on the domain construct of implicit emotion regulation (ER), this approach posits that contemporary affect-oriented conceptualizations of defense mechanisms are theoretically similar to the neuroscience construct of implicit emotion regulation. To illustrate this theoretical similarity, the literature connected with both concepts is reviewed. The implications of this idea, which could promote an interface between psychodynamics and contemporary academic psychiatry and psychology, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003065114546746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T03:05:40Z","timestamp":1406862340000},"page":"693-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Defense Mechanisms and Implicit Emotion Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Rice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003065114546746","volume-title":"Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts","author":"Auchincloss E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1945.11823130"},{"key":"bibr3-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1947.11823085"},{"key":"bibr4-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1952.11822916"},{"key":"bibr5-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1981.11926971"},{"key":"bibr6-0003065114546746","first-page":"369","volume":"1","author":"Brenner C.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"bibr7-0003065114546746","first-page":"473","volume":"3","author":"Brenner C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"bibr8-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2167-4086.2002.tb00519.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02598.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0003065114546746","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation","author":"Calkins S.D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr11-0003065114546746","author":"Cavanagh M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"bibr12-0003065114546746","volume-title":"Protecting the Self: Defense Mechanisms in Action","author":"Cramer P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr13-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.01.010"},{"key":"bibr14-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.05.007"},{"key":"bibr15-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003065111416652"},{"key":"bibr16-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019010"},{"key":"bibr17-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2187-3_10"},{"key":"bibr18-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09070931"},{"key":"bibr19-0003065114546746","volume-title":"The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense","author":"Freud A.","year":"1936"},{"key":"bibr20-0003065114546746","first-page":"27","volume":"3","author":"Freud S.","year":"1893","journal-title":"Standard Edition"},{"key":"bibr21-0003065114546746","first-page":"295","volume":"1","author":"Freud S.","year":"1895","journal-title":"Standard Edition"},{"key":"bibr22-0003065114546746","first-page":"87","volume":"20","author":"Freud S.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Standard Edition"},{"key":"bibr23-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-0562-3"},{"key":"bibr24-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.031"},{"key":"bibr25-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032135"},{"key":"bibr26-0003065114546746","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation: Second Edition","author":"Gross J.J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr27-0003065114546746","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Reguation: Second Edition","author":"Gross J.J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr28-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348"},{"key":"bibr29-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025777"},{"key":"bibr30-0003065114546746","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation: Second Edition","author":"Gyurak A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr31-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2010.544160"},{"key":"bibr32-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(04)80026-8"},{"key":"bibr33-0003065114546746","first-page":"241","volume-title":"An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis","author":"Hilsenroth M.J","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr34-0003065114546746","author":"Hoffman L.","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child"},{"key":"bibr35-0003065114546746","unstructured":"Hoffman L., Rice T.R. (in press).\n                      Regulation-Focused Psychotherapy for Children with Externalizing Behaviors.\n                      New York: Routledge."},{"key":"bibr36-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14020138"},{"key":"bibr37-0003065114546746","volume-title":"The Inseparable Nature of Love and Aggression: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives","author":"Kernberg O.F.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr38-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2010.550505"},{"key":"bibr39-0003065114546746","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Handbook of Affective Sciences","author":"Kopp C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr40-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.3.430"},{"key":"bibr41-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2167-4086.2012.tb00495.x"},{"key":"bibr42-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21243"},{"key":"bibr43-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0075417X.2011.614738"},{"key":"bibr44-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807212"},{"key":"bibr45-0003065114546746","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Handbook of Emotion Regulation: Second Edition","author":"Ochsner K.N.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr46-0003065114546746","first-page":"81","volume":"71","author":"Olfson M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr47-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15294145.2004.10773462"},{"key":"bibr48-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11091403"},{"key":"bibr49-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(04)80034-7"},{"key":"bibr50-0003065114546746","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Ego Defenses: Theory and Measurement","author":"Perry J.C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr51-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11494-000"},{"key":"bibr52-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073910387943"},{"key":"bibr53-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020798"},{"key":"bibr54-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966"},{"key":"bibr55-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af"},{"key":"bibr56-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x"},{"key":"bibr57-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750080011003"},{"key":"bibr58-0003065114546746","volume-title":"The Wisdom of the Ego","author":"Vaillant G.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr59-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800080072010"},{"key":"bibr60-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.4.715"},{"key":"bibr61-0003065114546746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.06.013"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003065114546746","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0003065114546746","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003065114546746","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:37:34Z","timestamp":1777376254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003065114546746"}},"subtitle":["A Comparison of a Psychodynamic Construct with One from Contemporary Neuroscience"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003065114546746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003065114546746","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0651","1941-2460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0651","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}}}