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Given the increasing number of school-aged children with incarcerated parents, this study explores the ways paternal incarceration is associated with mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 reports of home- and school-based involvement in schooling. Using Fragile Families Study data, we find that a father\u2019s incarceration inhibits his school- and home-based involvement in schooling, but associations for maternal involvement are weaker. Results are robust to alternative specifications of incarceration that address concerns about selection and unobserved heterogeneity. Findings also hold across levels of father-child contact. We also conducted a test of the system avoidance mechanism and results suggest it partially explains reductions in school involvement for fathers following incarceration. Given the reoccurring interest in the interconnection between families and schools and how this translates into success, this study suggests that paternal incarceration is associated with lower parental involvement in schooling and highlights the role of system avoidance in this association. Attachment to social institutions like schools is quite consequential, and this work highlights another way mass incarceration influences social life in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122417709294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T17:15:31Z","timestamp":1496423731000},"page":"657-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Schools as Surveilling Institutions? 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