{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:13:22Z","timestamp":1777446802266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to physical or sexual violence, stalking, and psychological aggression by an intimate partner. The present study aims to examine the incidence, injury patterns, and outcomes using a representative nationwide data set.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database was queried from 2010 to 2014 to identify IPV in adult patients by injury code E967.3. Demographics, diagnoses, and injury mechanisms were captured. Primary outcome was mortality, and logistic regression analyses were used to compare the baselines and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      132\u00a0806 IPV emergency visits were identified, with 5.1% of patients requiring hospitalization. Most patients were female (92.6%). The most common injury mechanisms were unintentional injury (36%) and striking (22.0%). Contusions of face\/scalp\/neck (13.2%) and unspecified head injury (6.9%) were the most common diagnoses. Males were significantly older [median and interquartile range of 39 (30, 50)] than females [33 (26, 43)], and were more frequently hospitalized (6.7% vs. 5.0%, P = .002) with more injuries with injury severity score \u2265 15 (.7% vs. .4%, P = .004) than females. Overall, IPV-related mortality was .06%, .26% in males and .05% in females ( P = .003). Older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.053) and male gender (OR = 3.102) were significantly associated with mortality. The annual incidence rate decreased from 9.7 in 2010 to 8.2\/100\u00a0000 US population in 2014 ( R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = .659).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young women are more likely to be victims of IPV, whereas men are more likely to be older and hospitalized with more severe injuries and worse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134820964191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T03:02:56Z","timestamp":1604977376000},"page":"1230-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Nationwide Study of Intimate Partner Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jose","family":"Alfaro Quezada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"},{"name":"University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bishoy","family":"Zakhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Firek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA"},{"name":"University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003134820964191","volume-title":"Intimate partner violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 2.0","author":"Breiding MJ","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-0003134820964191","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"bibr3-0003134820964191","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2010 summary report. 2011. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ViolencePrevention\/pdf\/NISVS_Report2010-a.pdf. Accessed October, 2019."},{"issue":"08","key":"bibr4-0003134820964191","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"Breiding MJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"bibr5-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015602736"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr6-0003134820964191","first-page":"353","volume":"20","author":"Campbell JC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin"},{"key":"bibr7-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005280506"},{"key":"bibr8-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.049"},{"key":"bibr9-0003134820964191","volume-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP). 2010-2014","author":"Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS)","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr10-0003134820964191","volume-title":"Cost and utilization project (HCUP). 2010-2014","author":"HCUPnet. Healthcare","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr11-0003134820964191","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Intimate partner violence. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/77432\/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf;jsessionid=E9A6CA0AA5954BCE969F2D13FD7DADE5?sequence=1. Accessed October, 2019."},{"key":"bibr12-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.05.005"},{"key":"bibr13-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.07.053"},{"key":"bibr14-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184222"},{"key":"bibr15-0003134820964191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004"},{"key":"bibr16-0003134820964191","author":"Harland KK","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003134820964191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0003134820964191","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003134820964191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:31:05Z","timestamp":1777379465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003134820964191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003134820964191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003134820964191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}