{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:30:44Z","timestamp":1777447844269,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinomycosis is an infection characterized by abscess formation, draining sinuses, and tissue fibrosis. The causative bacterium is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe from the genus Actinomyces. Infections classically affect the cervicofacial, thoracic, or pelvic region and often require prolonged antibiotic therapy. Actinomycosis of the breast is a rare condition that may present as a recurrent breast abscess. We present a 33-year-old female with a recurrent breast abscess which grew A. radingae and A. israeli on aspirated fluid cultures. Treatment with surgical aspiration and a 6-week course of oral amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid 875\u00a0mg twice daily resulted in clinical improvement. Our case demonstrates how recurrent breast abscesses caused by Actinomyces can be difficult to manage. Long-term antibiotic therapy with surgical aspiration and regular follow-up offer the best chance of clinical resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211025748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T08:34:01Z","timestamp":1623227641000},"page":"2076-2078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Persistent Multispecies\n                    <i>Actinomyces<\/i>\n                    Mastitis Treated With Repeated Aspiration and Long-Term Oral Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Colin","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Ganapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Fancher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348211025748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.142.9.881"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348211025748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2017.01.001"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348211025748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516337"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348211025748","first-page":"3071","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Russo TA","year":"2019","edition":"9"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348211025748","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348211025748","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348211025748","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:35:59Z","timestamp":1777379759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348211025748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348211025748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348211025748","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]}}}