{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:32:03Z","timestamp":1777447923714,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 1953, Eden, then Britain\u2019s Foreign Secretary, sustained a bile duct injury during a cholecystectomy. After reconstructive surgery at the Lahey Clinic, he continued to experience episodes of cholangitis, notably during the Suez Crisis of 1956. By then prime minister, the crisis ended in a humiliating retreat for Eden and for Britain. The role that his iatrogenic injury, its long term sequelae, and the cocktail of drugs he took to treat them played in his decision making has been an ongoing source of debate almost from the time of the crisis. This article reviews the Suez crisis, Eden's medical history, and the debate over Eden\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221082287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T03:02:44Z","timestamp":1650250964000},"page":"3002-3006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Iatrogenic Injury? Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis of 1956"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kernahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in the History of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Suez: Britain\u2019s End of Empire in the Middle East","author":"Kyle K","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis: Reluctant Gamble","author":"Pearson J","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Reassessing Suez 1956: New Perspectives on the Crisis and Its Aftermath","author":"Smith SC","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022009408089032"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348221082287","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Reassessing Suez 1956: New Perspectives on the Crisis and Its Aftermath","author":"Levey Z","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Warriors at Suez: Eisenhower Takes America into the Middle East","author":"Neff D","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis","author":"Lucas WS","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07075332.1992.9640608"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2624270"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198202417.003.0008"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci071"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Milestones: 1953\u20131960-Office of the Historian","author":"The Suez Crisis. 1956","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Eden: The Life and Times of Anthony Eden, First Earl of Avon, 1899-1977","author":"Thorpe DR","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6563.00030"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Anthony Eden","author":"Aster S","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Anthony Eden","author":"James RR","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-229X.1989.tb01479.x"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Descent to Suez: Diaries, 1951-56","author":"Shuckburgh E","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.t01-1-02625.x"},{"key":"bibr21-00031348221082287","volume-title":"Plarr\u2019s Lives of the Fellows-Royal College of Surgeons of England","author":"Hume","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr22-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110006"},{"key":"bibr23-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512176"},{"key":"bibr24-00031348221082287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000094443.60313.da"},{"key":"bibr25-00031348221082287","volume-title":"New York Times","author":"Eden lands in Boston for third operation."},{"key":"bibr26-00031348221082287","first-page":"8","volume-title":"The Times","author":"Third operation on Mr","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr27-00031348221082287","first-page":"6","volume-title":"The Times","author":"Return home of Mr","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr28-00031348221082287","unstructured":"Eden tops British poll: he leads paper\u2019s tally to succeed Churchill if latter resigns. 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